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Psychology - Human Development > Exam #1 > Flashcards

Exam #1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of development?

A
  1. Multicultural
  2. Multidisciplinary
  3. Multidirectional
  4. Multicontextual
  5. Multidimensional
  6. Changeable
  7. Lifelong
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2
Q

Which characteristic:

Meaning that development happens on many different domains (physical, emotional, social)

A

Multidimensional

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3
Q

Which characteristic:

Development can go both ways, it can either progress or it can decline

A

Multidirectional

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4
Q

Which characteristic:

We can change the course of our development (environment)

A

Changeability

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5
Q

Which characteristic:

Development can be explained by many different disciplines

A

Multidisciplinary

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6
Q

Which characteristic:
Different times and stages of your life/what you are going through affect your development differently (i.e. seasonal depression, grade school teachers teach differently than college professors, we behave differently at a party than we do in class)

A

Multicontextual

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7
Q

Which characteristic:

different ethnic groups experience different courses of development

A

Multicultural

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8
Q

Name the 7 periods of development

A

Infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood

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9
Q

infancy (years)

A

0-2

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10
Q

early childhood (years)

A

2-5

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11
Q

middle childhood (years)

A

5-12

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12
Q

adolescence

A

12-18

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13
Q

early adulthood

A

18-40

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14
Q

middle adulthood

A

40-65

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15
Q

late adulthood

A

65-death

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16
Q

why do the intervals for periods of development increase each stage of life?

A

the majority of development happens in the beginning stages

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17
Q

name the three domains of development

A

Biological
Cognitive
Socioemotional

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18
Q

biological =

A

physical

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19
Q

cognitive =

A

mental

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20
Q

socioemotional =

A

social

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21
Q

key developmental issue - what affects our traits more, genetics or environment?

A

nature vs, nurture?

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22
Q

developmental issue - Do our characteristics stay the same or change as we go?

A

stability vs. change?

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23
Q

developmental issue - Does the underlying nature of our characteristics stay the same qualitatively or does it change as we age?

A

continuity vs. discontinuity

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24
Q

4 steps of scientific method

A

observation - hypothesis - predictions - test

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25
Q

according to the scientific method, what is the next step if your test disproves your hypothesis?

A

form a new hypothesis

26
Q

according to the scientific method, what is the next step if your test proves your hypothesis?

A

form a theory

27
Q

development design - testing several groups at one given period of time

A

cross sectional

28
Q

what is the downfall of cross sectional design

A

cohort effect

29
Q

what is the cohort effect

A

certain groups with similar traits (age, culture) tend to have similar ways of thinking

30
Q

what design involves studying one person for life or extensive period

A

LONGitudinal

31
Q

downfall of longitudinal

A

people may drop out because lengthy, also expensive

32
Q

cross sequential

A

a study in which two or more groups of individuals of different ages are directly compared over a period of time. It is thus a combination of a cross-sectional design and a longitudinal design.

33
Q

research designs - which is Going out and observing to collect data
what are the inherent problems?

A

Naturalistic observation, Inherent problems - you can find what you see but you can’t explain why, confirmation bias, accidental

34
Q

research design - Studying an individual extensively

problems?

A

case study, the individual may not be representative of the entire population

35
Q

research design - Gathering a lot of info from a wider range of people in a more structured way
problem?

A

survey/interview

people are liars

36
Q

which theorist - psychosexual stages

A

freud (froyd)

37
Q

which theorist - psychosocial stages

A

erikson

38
Q

two theorists (psychoanalytic)

A

freud, erikson

39
Q

according to freud, 5 psychosexual stages

A

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

40
Q

freuds theory - ORAL stage

A

0-18 months

baby putting things in MOUTH

41
Q

freuds theory -

ANAL stage

A

18-36 months

POTTY training

42
Q

freuds theory - phallic

A

3-6 years

wanting to engage in sexual activity

43
Q

freuds theory - latent

A

6-12 years

sexual urges take a break

44
Q

freuds theory - genital stage

A

12 and older

sexually mature, express sexual desires

45
Q

eriksons psychoanalytical stages

A
  1. trust v mistrust
  2. autonomy v shame
  3. industry v inferiority
  4. identity v role
  5. intimacy v isolation
  6. generativity v stagnation
  7. integrity v dispair
46
Q

6-12 years, conflicted on trusting relationship with parents

A

1st stage, trust v. mistrust

47
Q

18-36 months, potty training capability

A

autonomy vs. shame

48
Q

3-6 years, initiate social interaction

A

initiation v guiklt

49
Q

cognitive development theorists

A

piaget, vygotsky.

50
Q

who - 4 stages of cognitive development

A

piaget

51
Q

who - sociocultural cognitive theory

A

vygotsky

52
Q

behavioral theorists

A

watson, skinner, bandura

53
Q

who - classical conditioning, little albert

A

watson

54
Q

who- experimented conditioning on rats, positive reinforcement

A

skinner

55
Q

little albert

A

bandura

56
Q

ethological theorists

A

lorenz, bolby, ainsworth

57
Q

prenatal development - when is germinal period?

A

0-14 days

58
Q

prenatal development - when is embryonic?

A

2-8 weeks

59
Q

prenatal development - when is fetal period?

A

2-9 months

60
Q

what is a zygoteA?

A

fertilized egg

61
Q

what is the ossification period of prenatal development

A

ossification = birth

Psychology - Human Development (2 decks)

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