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EMTS > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Standing orders are an example of

A

Offline medical control

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2
Q

Activation of the EMS system begins with

A

Citizen recognition of an emergency situation

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3
Q

Warning signs of stress include

A

Indecisiveness

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4
Q

Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD0 sessions

A

Provide a means for open discussion of feelings, fears, and reactions

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5
Q

You are called to the scene of an accident involving a vehicle carrying hazardous material. You should

A

Use binoculars to identify hazards at the scene before approaching

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6
Q

CISD sessions are usually held within ___ of a major incident

A

24 to 72 hours

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7
Q

Deviation from the accepted standard of care resulting in injury to the patient is called

A

Negligence

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8
Q

You are called to the parking lot of a local shopping mall for an “ill” woman. You arrive to find a 70yr old woman slumped over. Her daughter states she is diabetic and has gradually become more confused since this morning. You will begin treatment using which form of consent

A

Implied consent

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9
Q

You are called to the home of an 80 year old frequent flier who just wants someone to talk to. You and your partner decide not to respond. Your action may be considered:

A

Breach of duty

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10
Q

Which of the following must be proven in a successful negligence case?

A

Duty to act, breach of duty, damages, and proximate cause

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11
Q

In most states, which of the following situations must be reported to local police

A

A 21 year old man who has suffered a self inflicted stab wound to his abdomen

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12
Q

You are called to a private home for a 64 year old man complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient is awake, alert, and in obvious distress. He says he wants to “die with dignity.” Your best course of action would be

A

Contact medical control, explain the situation, and request medical direction about how to proceed

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13
Q

If a minor’s parents or legal guardian consents to treatment, can the minor refuse care?

A

No

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14
Q

You and your partner are treating a wounded police officer. Upon returning to your station, a local talk show radio host calls and requests information regarding the status of the officer. What is the correct statement regarding this situation?

A

You may not disclose any patient information unless you have a written release form signed by the patient

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15
Q

Can a 17 year old married minor refuse care?

A

Yes, you must respect the wishes of an emancipated minor.

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16
Q

You are an off-duty EMT and happen upon a motor vehicle accident. In most states you

A

Are not legally obligated to stop but may feel a moral and ethical obligation to provide care

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17
Q

If an intoxicated patient refuses care, your best course of action would be

A

Realize the patient cannot make a rational decision at this time and treat the patient under the principle of implied consent

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18
Q

What is a patient’s position called when they are laying face down on the floor

A

Prone

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19
Q

An imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves from the nose to the umbilicus is called the

A

Midline

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20
Q

The leaf shaped structure that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is the

A

Epiglottis

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21
Q

The blood vessel that originates in the right ventricle and carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs is the

A

Pulmonary artery

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22
Q

The major artery of the neck that supplies the head and brain with blood is the

A

Carotid

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23
Q

The endocrine system produces chemicals called

A

Hormones

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24
Q

The components of blood consist of

A

Plasma, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells

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25
Q

The primary muscles of ventilation are the

A

Diaphragm and intercostal muscles

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26
Q

Gas exchange occurs between the capillary walls and

A

Alveoli

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27
Q

Yellow skin is called ___ and indicates ___

A

jaundice, liver abnormalities

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28
Q

A sign is

A

Something you can see, hear, or feel

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29
Q

The first distinct sound heard as the pressure in a blood pressure cuff is released is the

A

Systolic pressure

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30
Q

Which of the following is an example of symptoms?

A

Chest pain, dizziness, nausea

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31
Q

Stridor is

A

A loud, high pitched sound usually heard on inhalation

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32
Q

The term clammy is used to describe skin that is

A

Cool and moist

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33
Q

Abnormally dry skin may indicate

A

Dehydration

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34
Q

Vital signs should be assessed and recorded at least every ___ in a stable patient

A

15 min (5 min if unstable)

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35
Q

You are called to a construction site where a worker has fallen 25 ft. You find the patient unresponsive. Your first course of action should be

A

Evaluate the patient’s airway. (ABC. Airway always first)

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36
Q

A blood pressure cuff of proper size should cover

A

2/3 of the upper arm (humerus)

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37
Q

In a healthy adult, the normal resting heart rate is

A

60-100 BPM

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38
Q

When getting a SAMPLE history from a patient, which of the following questions would be most helpful in determining “E.”

A

“What were you doing before this (injury/illness) developed?” E is Events leading to injury or illness

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39
Q

The chief complaint is

A

Why the patient called for help

40
Q

Proper patient lifting technique requires a minimum of

A

Two people

41
Q

When possible, use a ___ to move a patient down a flight of stairs

A

Stair chair

42
Q

When using a wheeled stretcher, a patient should be pushed rather than pulled. T or F

A

True

43
Q

A device that is hinged and opens at the head and feet to fit around and under a patient is called

A

Scoop stretcher

44
Q

A patient with a suspected spine injury

A

Should be immobilized on a long backboard

45
Q

A blanket drag is an example of

A

An emergency move

46
Q

All of the following may require the use of an emergency move except

A

Unresponsive or incoherent patient

47
Q

The portion of the upper airway found directly posterior to the mouth is called the

A

Oropharynx

48
Q

You are called for a 75 year old man complaining of shortness of breath. You find the patient leaning forward while sitting in a chair, laboring to breathe. Examination reveals the patient’s skin is cool and clammy and obvious shortness of breath. The vital signs are: BP 144/82, P 112. E 22. The wife states her husband has a history of COPD.

A

A non-rebreather mask

49
Q

Specific facility destination should be based on:

A

The capabilities of the various system facilities, the specific needs of the patient, and communication with med control.

50
Q

First responder training emphasizes

A

Initial assessment and basic emergency care. Keep them alive until we get them to a higher skill level of care.

51
Q

The recovery position is also referred to as

A

Lateral recumbent position

52
Q

A written document specifying a person’s healthcare wishes when she or he becomes unable to make decisions for herself or himself is known as

A

An advanced directive

53
Q

Most airway problems are caused by

A

The tongue

54
Q

If a patient initially consents to treatment but then refuses to go to the hospital, which of the following is true

A

A mentally competent adult may withdraw consent at any time

55
Q

When using a nasal cannula, the oxygen flow rate should not exceed

A

6 liters/minute. NC range is 1 to 6 LPM. As a generic statement a NC is 1 to 6 LPM with a range of 24% to 44% O2

56
Q

Hypoperfusion is a term that refers to

A

Inadequate circulation of blood through an organ or structure

57
Q

Sensory nerves

A

Carry information from the body to the brain and spinal cord

58
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Carries oxygen and is a component of red blood cells

59
Q

Select the correct statement regarding mouth to pocket mask ventilation

A

The pocket mask should be connected to high flow oxygen at 15 liters/minute

60
Q

Cardiac muscle:

  1. is a specialized form of involuntary muscle
  2. Is found only in the heart
  3. Has the ability to contract on it’s own
A

2&3 only

61
Q

Example of ball and socket joints include the

A

Shoulder and hip

62
Q

Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask provides less tidal volume than mouth to mask ventilation. T or F

A

True. Mouth to mask uses the rescuers breath to ventilate. That means two sides of lungs. A BVM volume is much smaller than what the lungs can hold

63
Q

You are called for a 25 year old man who is choking. You find the patient awake and clutching his throat. Your initial assessment reveals the patient is not moving any air and is turning blue. You should

A

Perform abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is relieved or the patient becomes unresponsive

64
Q

Which of the following correctly reflects the normal pathway of food through the digestive system

A

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

65
Q

Why is it important to determine when the patient last ingested solid or liquid food

A

This information is useful if emergency surgery is required

66
Q

When lifting a patient

A

Keep your back straight and use your thighs to lift

67
Q

Your patient is a 35 year old unconscious woman with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per min. While attempting to insert an oropharyngeal airway, the patient begins to gage. Your best course of action will be to remove the OPA and

A

insert a nasalpharyngeal airway

68
Q

Suctioning the airway of an unresponsive 18 month old, your partner informs you that the patient’s heart rate has slowed from 90BPM to 70. You should

A

Remove the suction catheter and begin positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen

69
Q

The only airway lecture that consists of a complete ring of cartilage is the

A

Cricoid ring

70
Q

Airway obstruction is common in infants and children because

A

They have a larger tongue in proportion to the mouth and a narrower trachea than that of an adult

71
Q

The preferred method of initial ventilation of a non breathing patient is

A

Mouth to mask. Mouth to mask only needs 1 person. BVM with two people ties a person up that can be providing other care

72
Q

To perform a jaw thrust manuever

A

Kneel behind the casualty’s head, steady and support the head in the neutral position, head, neck and spine are aligned.
Place your hands on each side of the face with your fingertips at the angle of the jaw (mandible)
Gently lift the jaw to open the airway. Take care not to tilt the neck.
The movement of the jaw moves the tongue forward in the mouth opening the airway
Do not put fingers in the mouth to assist the jaw thrust.

73
Q

An unresponsive patient without a gag reflex

A

Is at risk for aspiration of materials into lungs

74
Q

The preferred method for opening an airway of a patient without a suspected cervical spine injury is the

A

Head tilt chin lift

75
Q

The bag valve mask

A

Is more effective when used by two experienced rescuers

76
Q

Which of the following is a sign of inadequate artificial ventilation when using a bag valve mask

A

Presence or worsening of cyanosis

77
Q

If the patient is on the floor or ground, an inline drag can be used to pull a patient to safety. The most common inline drags include

A

Clothing drag, sheet drag, blanket drag

78
Q

The pressure of the gas in a full oxygen cylinder is approximately

A

2000 PSI

79
Q

The “coach of the ship” in the healthcare system is

A

The medical control physician

80
Q

A patient with unusually cold skin may be experiencing

A

Hyperglycemia, heat exhaustion, exposure to cold

81
Q

Normally a patient’s pupils will ___ when exposed to light

A

Constrict

82
Q

The safe residual pressure of an oxygen cylinder is

A

200 PSI

83
Q

A nasopharyngeal may be used in a patient with a gag reflex T or F

A

True

84
Q

A one year old patient is too young to place an OPA device T or F

A

False. We can even place in newborns

85
Q

The ratio of compressions to ventilation for one man adult CPR is

A

30:2

86
Q

___ attach a bone to a muscle

A

Tendons

87
Q

I am the blood component responsible for fighting disease

A

White blood cells

88
Q

The peripheral nervous system is divided into two sections. They are:

A

Sensory and motor nerves

89
Q

The acronym we use to determine a patient’s present history is

A

SAMPLE. (Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, events leading to injury or illness)

90
Q

The acronym we use to assess pupils?

A

PEARL. (Pupils equal and reactive to light)

91
Q

Plasma

A

A fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients

92
Q

Which of the following terms means “both sides”

A

Bilateral. (Bi=2. Uni+1. Circum+ around. Trendelenberg means raise the feet.)

93
Q

Any situation that causes unusually strong emotional reactions and interferes with an individual’s ability to perform is called

A

A critical incident

94
Q

The collective set of regulations and ethical considerations governing the EMT is called

A

Scope of practice

95
Q

All of the following physiologic signs and/or symptoms are evidence of adequate breathing except

A

Use of accessory neck muscles. The use of accessory neck muscles should clue you in that this patient is not able to breathe normally

96
Q

Based on your assessment of a patient’s respiratory status only, which of these patients should have the most serious initial impression?

A

A 2 year old male breathing 80/minute who has been sick the past two weeks and has a fever

EMTS (12 decks)

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