Exam 1 Flashcards
Standing orders are an example of
Offline medical control
Activation of the EMS system begins with
Citizen recognition of an emergency situation
Warning signs of stress include
Indecisiveness
Critical incident stress debriefing (CISD0 sessions
Provide a means for open discussion of feelings, fears, and reactions
You are called to the scene of an accident involving a vehicle carrying hazardous material. You should
Use binoculars to identify hazards at the scene before approaching
CISD sessions are usually held within ___ of a major incident
24 to 72 hours
Deviation from the accepted standard of care resulting in injury to the patient is called
Negligence
You are called to the parking lot of a local shopping mall for an “ill” woman. You arrive to find a 70yr old woman slumped over. Her daughter states she is diabetic and has gradually become more confused since this morning. You will begin treatment using which form of consent
Implied consent
You are called to the home of an 80 year old frequent flier who just wants someone to talk to. You and your partner decide not to respond. Your action may be considered:
Breach of duty
Which of the following must be proven in a successful negligence case?
Duty to act, breach of duty, damages, and proximate cause
In most states, which of the following situations must be reported to local police
A 21 year old man who has suffered a self inflicted stab wound to his abdomen
You are called to a private home for a 64 year old man complaining of chest pain and difficulty breathing. The patient is awake, alert, and in obvious distress. He says he wants to “die with dignity.” Your best course of action would be
Contact medical control, explain the situation, and request medical direction about how to proceed
If a minor’s parents or legal guardian consents to treatment, can the minor refuse care?
No
You and your partner are treating a wounded police officer. Upon returning to your station, a local talk show radio host calls and requests information regarding the status of the officer. What is the correct statement regarding this situation?
You may not disclose any patient information unless you have a written release form signed by the patient
Can a 17 year old married minor refuse care?
Yes, you must respect the wishes of an emancipated minor.
You are an off-duty EMT and happen upon a motor vehicle accident. In most states you
Are not legally obligated to stop but may feel a moral and ethical obligation to provide care
If an intoxicated patient refuses care, your best course of action would be
Realize the patient cannot make a rational decision at this time and treat the patient under the principle of implied consent
What is a patient’s position called when they are laying face down on the floor
Prone
An imaginary line that divides the body into right and left halves from the nose to the umbilicus is called the
Midline
The leaf shaped structure that prevents food and liquid from entering the trachea during swallowing is the
Epiglottis
The blood vessel that originates in the right ventricle and carries oxygen poor blood to the lungs is the
Pulmonary artery
The major artery of the neck that supplies the head and brain with blood is the
Carotid
The endocrine system produces chemicals called
Hormones
The components of blood consist of
Plasma, red blood cells, platelets, white blood cells
The primary muscles of ventilation are the
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles
Gas exchange occurs between the capillary walls and
Alveoli
Yellow skin is called ___ and indicates ___
jaundice, liver abnormalities
A sign is
Something you can see, hear, or feel
The first distinct sound heard as the pressure in a blood pressure cuff is released is the
Systolic pressure
Which of the following is an example of symptoms?
Chest pain, dizziness, nausea
Stridor is
A loud, high pitched sound usually heard on inhalation
The term clammy is used to describe skin that is
Cool and moist
Abnormally dry skin may indicate
Dehydration
Vital signs should be assessed and recorded at least every ___ in a stable patient
15 min (5 min if unstable)
You are called to a construction site where a worker has fallen 25 ft. You find the patient unresponsive. Your first course of action should be
Evaluate the patient’s airway. (ABC. Airway always first)
A blood pressure cuff of proper size should cover
2/3 of the upper arm (humerus)
In a healthy adult, the normal resting heart rate is
60-100 BPM
When getting a SAMPLE history from a patient, which of the following questions would be most helpful in determining “E.”
“What were you doing before this (injury/illness) developed?” E is Events leading to injury or illness
The chief complaint is
Why the patient called for help
Proper patient lifting technique requires a minimum of
Two people
When possible, use a ___ to move a patient down a flight of stairs
Stair chair
When using a wheeled stretcher, a patient should be pushed rather than pulled. T or F
True
A device that is hinged and opens at the head and feet to fit around and under a patient is called
Scoop stretcher
A patient with a suspected spine injury
Should be immobilized on a long backboard
A blanket drag is an example of
An emergency move
All of the following may require the use of an emergency move except
Unresponsive or incoherent patient
The portion of the upper airway found directly posterior to the mouth is called the
Oropharynx
You are called for a 75 year old man complaining of shortness of breath. You find the patient leaning forward while sitting in a chair, laboring to breathe. Examination reveals the patient’s skin is cool and clammy and obvious shortness of breath. The vital signs are: BP 144/82, P 112. E 22. The wife states her husband has a history of COPD.
A non-rebreather mask
Specific facility destination should be based on:
The capabilities of the various system facilities, the specific needs of the patient, and communication with med control.
First responder training emphasizes
Initial assessment and basic emergency care. Keep them alive until we get them to a higher skill level of care.
The recovery position is also referred to as
Lateral recumbent position
A written document specifying a person’s healthcare wishes when she or he becomes unable to make decisions for herself or himself is known as
An advanced directive
Most airway problems are caused by
The tongue
If a patient initially consents to treatment but then refuses to go to the hospital, which of the following is true
A mentally competent adult may withdraw consent at any time
When using a nasal cannula, the oxygen flow rate should not exceed
6 liters/minute. NC range is 1 to 6 LPM. As a generic statement a NC is 1 to 6 LPM with a range of 24% to 44% O2
Hypoperfusion is a term that refers to
Inadequate circulation of blood through an organ or structure
Sensory nerves
Carry information from the body to the brain and spinal cord
Hemoglobin
Carries oxygen and is a component of red blood cells
Select the correct statement regarding mouth to pocket mask ventilation
The pocket mask should be connected to high flow oxygen at 15 liters/minute
Cardiac muscle:
- is a specialized form of involuntary muscle
- Is found only in the heart
- Has the ability to contract on it’s own
2&3 only
Example of ball and socket joints include the
Shoulder and hip
Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask provides less tidal volume than mouth to mask ventilation. T or F
True. Mouth to mask uses the rescuers breath to ventilate. That means two sides of lungs. A BVM volume is much smaller than what the lungs can hold
You are called for a 25 year old man who is choking. You find the patient awake and clutching his throat. Your initial assessment reveals the patient is not moving any air and is turning blue. You should
Perform abdominal thrusts until the obstruction is relieved or the patient becomes unresponsive
Which of the following correctly reflects the normal pathway of food through the digestive system
Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
Why is it important to determine when the patient last ingested solid or liquid food
This information is useful if emergency surgery is required
When lifting a patient
Keep your back straight and use your thighs to lift
Your patient is a 35 year old unconscious woman with a respiratory rate of 8 breaths per min. While attempting to insert an oropharyngeal airway, the patient begins to gage. Your best course of action will be to remove the OPA and
insert a nasalpharyngeal airway
Suctioning the airway of an unresponsive 18 month old, your partner informs you that the patient’s heart rate has slowed from 90BPM to 70. You should
Remove the suction catheter and begin positive pressure ventilation with supplemental oxygen
The only airway lecture that consists of a complete ring of cartilage is the
Cricoid ring
Airway obstruction is common in infants and children because
They have a larger tongue in proportion to the mouth and a narrower trachea than that of an adult
The preferred method of initial ventilation of a non breathing patient is
Mouth to mask. Mouth to mask only needs 1 person. BVM with two people ties a person up that can be providing other care
To perform a jaw thrust manuever
Kneel behind the casualty’s head, steady and support the head in the neutral position, head, neck and spine are aligned.
Place your hands on each side of the face with your fingertips at the angle of the jaw (mandible)
Gently lift the jaw to open the airway. Take care not to tilt the neck.
The movement of the jaw moves the tongue forward in the mouth opening the airway
Do not put fingers in the mouth to assist the jaw thrust.
An unresponsive patient without a gag reflex
Is at risk for aspiration of materials into lungs
The preferred method for opening an airway of a patient without a suspected cervical spine injury is the
Head tilt chin lift
The bag valve mask
Is more effective when used by two experienced rescuers
Which of the following is a sign of inadequate artificial ventilation when using a bag valve mask
Presence or worsening of cyanosis
If the patient is on the floor or ground, an inline drag can be used to pull a patient to safety. The most common inline drags include
Clothing drag, sheet drag, blanket drag
The pressure of the gas in a full oxygen cylinder is approximately
2000 PSI
The “coach of the ship” in the healthcare system is
The medical control physician
A patient with unusually cold skin may be experiencing
Hyperglycemia, heat exhaustion, exposure to cold
Normally a patient’s pupils will ___ when exposed to light
Constrict
The safe residual pressure of an oxygen cylinder is
200 PSI
A nasopharyngeal may be used in a patient with a gag reflex T or F
True
A one year old patient is too young to place an OPA device T or F
False. We can even place in newborns
The ratio of compressions to ventilation for one man adult CPR is
30:2
___ attach a bone to a muscle
Tendons
I am the blood component responsible for fighting disease
White blood cells
The peripheral nervous system is divided into two sections. They are:
Sensory and motor nerves
The acronym we use to determine a patient’s present history is
SAMPLE. (Signs and symptoms, allergies, medications, pertinent past history, last oral intake, events leading to injury or illness)
The acronym we use to assess pupils?
PEARL. (Pupils equal and reactive to light)
Plasma
A fluid that carries the blood cells and nutrients
Which of the following terms means “both sides”
Bilateral. (Bi=2. Uni+1. Circum+ around. Trendelenberg means raise the feet.)
Any situation that causes unusually strong emotional reactions and interferes with an individual’s ability to perform is called
A critical incident
The collective set of regulations and ethical considerations governing the EMT is called
Scope of practice
All of the following physiologic signs and/or symptoms are evidence of adequate breathing except
Use of accessory neck muscles. The use of accessory neck muscles should clue you in that this patient is not able to breathe normally
Based on your assessment of a patient’s respiratory status only, which of these patients should have the most serious initial impression?
A 2 year old male breathing 80/minute who has been sick the past two weeks and has a fever
