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SGU FTM 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Zonula Occludens

A

Occludins, claudins

Actin filaments

tight junctions

Cell signaling

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2
Q

Zonula Adherens

A

E-cadherin

Actin filaments

Adhesion

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3
Q

Macula Aderens (desmosomes)

A

Cadherins

Intermediate filaments

Adhesion

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4
Q

Gap Junction

A

Connexin

Communication

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5
Q

Focal Adhesion

A

Integrins

Actin Filaments

Anchors actin

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6
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Integrins

Intermediate filaments

Anchors intermediate filaments

Bullous pemphigoid

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7
Q

Exocrine Apocrine

A

lactating mammary gland

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8
Q

Exocrine holocrine

A

sebaceous glands of skin

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9
Q

Endocrine

A

secrete hormones

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10
Q

Simple Squamous

A

lining of respiratory spaces of the lung
Mesoderm: lines body cavities
Endothelium: lining of heart

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11
Q

Simple Cuboidal

A

Kidney tubules
Small ducts
Pancreatic duct

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12
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Stomach
Gallbladder
Uterine tube

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13
Q

Pseudostratified

A

Trachea
Epididymis
Ductus deferens

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14
Q

Stratified Squamous

A

Esophagus
Vagina
Epidermis

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15
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

A

Sweat glands
Large ducts
Anorectal junction

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16
Q

Transitional

A

Urinary system

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17
Q

RNA Poly 1 (eukaryotes)

A

rRNA

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18
Q

RNA Poly 2 (eukaryotes)

A

mRNA

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19
Q

RNA Poly 3 (eukaryotes)

A

tRNA

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20
Q

TFIID

A

TATA box

distortion and recruitment

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21
Q

TFIIB

A

Recognize start site

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22
Q

TFIIH

A

Helicase and activates RNA Poly, phosphorylates

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23
Q

TFIIE

A

Position RNA Poly

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24
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthase

A

correctly matches mRNA with tRNA

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25
Q

Peptidyl Transferase

A

creates peptide bond between AA

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26
Q

Mesoderm-Paraxial

A

Bone, muscle, skin

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27
Q

Mesoderm- Intermediate

A

Urogenital

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28
Q

Mesoderm-lateral

A

heart, spleen, adrenals

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29
Q

Ectoderm

A

Epidermis, nails, sensory cells of the ear

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30
Q

Ectoderm-Neuroectoderm

A 
Neural tube
CNS
Pineal body
Post. pituitary 
Retina

Neural crest cells
PNS

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31
Q

Endoderm

A

Epithelial lining

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32
Q

Epiblast

A

forms germ layers

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33
Q

Hypoblast

A

yolk sac

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34
Q

HCG

A

Syncytiotrophoblast

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35
Q

G1

A

pRB
p53
most time

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36
Q

Non-disjunction

A

Anaphase

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37
Q

Mitosis

A

2 diploid daughter cells, 23 chromosomes

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38
Q

Prophase I

A

Crossover

Primary Oocytes arrest

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39
Q

Telophase I/ Cytokinesis

A

Reduction divison

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40
Q

Metaphase II

A

Oocytes arrest until fertilization

41
Q

Meiosis

A

4 haploid daughter cells

Mother: 1 ovum, 3 polar bodies, 23X

42
Q

SNP

A

Single base pair change

Ex. 23 & me

43
Q

SSR

A

simple repeat 1,3,4

44
Q

VNTR

A

longer repeat, 5, 10, 100

45
Q

LCR

A

low copy repeat, 1000–>100,000

46
Q

Metacentric

47
Q

Submetacentric

A

above middle

48
Q

Acromatacentric

49
Q

Hsp 70

A

prevents premature protein folding +ATP

50
Q

Hsp 60

A

aid in correct folding +ATP

51
Q

Branched AA

A

Val, leu, ile

52
Q

Aromatic

A

Phe, Trp, Tyr

53
Q

Sulfur containing

54
Q

Phosphorylated/ glycosylated

A

Serine and Threonine

55
Q

GABA

A

decarboxylation of glutamate

56
Q

Histamine

A

decarboxylation of histidine

57
Q

Serotonin

A

Tryptophan

58
Q

Catecholamines

A

Dopamine, norepi, epi

Tyrosine

59
Q

Carcinoma

A

epithelial tissue

60
Q

Sarcoma

A

connective tissue, bones

61
Q

PM blebbing

62
Q

Cell swelling

63
Q

Cell shrinking

64
Q

Inflammation

65
Q

Cell contents released

66
Q

Pro-apoptotic

67
Q

Anti-apoptotic

A

Bcl-2

Bcl-xL

68
Q

Annexin 5

A

phosphatidylserine

69
Q

Tunel

A

developing digits –> blebbing

70
Q

Intrinsic

A 
Bax
Release cytochrome C from mitochondria
Apaf-1
Cyctochrome C
Procaspase 9
Caspase 9
71
Q

Extrinsic

A 
Fas ligand
FADD
TRADD
DISC: death inducing signaling complex
Activation of initiator: Caspase 2,8,9,10
Activation of effect: Caspase 3,6,7
72
Q

Heart disease

MI

A

Increased: CK, CK-MB, Tnl & TnT, myoglobin

73
Q

Muscular Diseases

  • Rhabdomyolysis
  • Dystrophy
A

Increased: CK-MM

And less than 3% CK-MB

74
Q

Liver disease-Viral infection

A

Higher ALT than AST

75
Q

Liver disease-Alcohol

A

Higher AST than ALT (2:1), GTT

76
Q

Liver disease-cirrhosis

A

Increased: ALT, AST, GTT and small amounts of ALP

77
Q

Biliary disease

A

Increased: ALP & GGT

78
Q

Pancreatic disease

A

Increased pancreatic lipase

79
Q

Pancreatic disease-gallstones

A

elevated ALP and GGT

80
Q

Pancreatic disease-alcohol

A

Lipase/amylase ratio larger than 2

81
Q

Bone disease

A

only ALP increased

82
Q

Cancer of the prostate

83
Q

Cancer of the Liver

A

Increased alpha-fetoprotein (only for babies)

84
Q

Response to injury

A
  1. ) Cloudy swelling
  2. ) Hydropic degeneration
  3. ) Fatty change (steatosis)
85
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase size of cells

  • Cardiac
  • Skeletal
  • Uterus
86
Q

Atrophy

A

Decrease cell size

  • testes
  • skeletal muscle
  • brain
87
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increased # of cells

  • endometrium
  • prostate
  • pregnancy
88
Q

Metaplasia

A

Change in cell differentiation

  • replaced with different epi
  • Cervix
  • Esophagus
89
Q

Dysplasia

A

Failure of differentiation and maturation

  • rapid multiplication
  • cervix
  • skin
90
Q

Neoplasia

A

Abnormal mass

91
Q

Carcinoma in situ

A

Without breach of basement membrane

92
Q

Cell Adaptation order

A

Metaplasia–>Dysplasia–>Neoplasia–>Carcinoma in situ

93
Q

Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor

A

G-q

  • Activates phopholipase C
  • increases IP3, DAG, Ca3+
  • ->PKC
94
Q

Alpha 2 adrenergic receptor

A

G-i

  • inhibits adenylate cyclase
  • decreases cAMP
95
Q

Beta-adrenergic receptor

A 
Glucagon
G-s
-Activates adenylate cyclase
-increases cAMP
-->PKA: phosphorylates target proteins/enzymes
96
Q

Termination signal

A

Phosphodiesterase hydrolyzes cAMP to AMP

97
Q

Protein Kinase A

A

PKA–>CREB–>CREB-P–>CRE–>change in expression

98
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation

A

Guanylate cyclase (activated by NO)
G protein not involved
GTP–>cGMP

SGU FTM 1 (4 decks)

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