exam 1 Flashcards
why should you never touch a pt untill a visual acuity is documented?
need to establish a base line, (unless a toxin is in the eye, then irrigate emdiatly.
VVEEPP
visual acuity visual fields external exam extra-ocular movements pupillary exam(PERRLA) pressure
what measures eye pressure?
tono- pen
what tool would you use to view the anterior segment of the eye?
slit lamp
Fundoscopic exams look at what part of the eye?
posterior segment
fluorescein staining and wood lamps are used when?
foreign body and corneal exam
anterior segment of the eye includes what?
from 1/3 of eye, structures infront of viterous humor: cornea, iris, ciliary body and lens
posterior segment of the eye includes what?
back 2/3 of eye
vitreous humor, retina, choroid and optic nerve
what is functional loss of vision?
no organic cause for pt loss, “iin your head”
fractures in the medial wall effect what muscle and cast what gaze?
medial rectus muscle, lateral gaze
fractures of the orbital floor effect what muscle and cast what gaze?
inferior rectus muscle, upward gaze
tears come from what gland?
lactimal gland, watery portion of tear
tears drain into?
upper puncta and lower puncta. then into canaliculus
anterior segment of the eye includes?
conjunctiva cornea anterior chamber iris posterior chamber lens ciliary body
posterior segment of the eye includes?
vitreous humor
retina
optic nerve
macula
periorbital structures
lids
lashes
canalicular system
EOM
one you lose vitreous ____ its gone
humor
sclera
white of eye, fibrous outer layer covers all of the eyball except part covered by cornea. all 6 EOM attach to sclera
the SO attaches to ?
sphenoid
IO attached at ___,___lateral surface of scleral and ____ and ____
posterior and inferior
elevates and abducts
SO attached to _____ medial surface of sclera. has a ___ it depresses and ____
superior, pully, abducts(walking down the stairs)
Iris
eye color, controls diameter and size of pupil and amount of light reaching the retina
pupil
dilates and constricts to allow light
name of the dilator muscle in pupil?
diolater pupaliae SNS
name of the constricter muscle?
sphincter pupilae PSNS
cornea
transparent portion over iris and pupil, helps transfer and focus light on retina
Corneal refex arch
sensory bibers are carried with CN5, lands at CN5 nucei then crosses over to CN7 PSNS allow you to blink
aqueous humor
flows through the pupil and fills the anterior chamber, produced by ciliary body via diffusion and active transport of plasma, reabsorbed by trabeculae in canal of schlemm
vitreous chamber
also called the posterior segment of the eye. space between the lens and retina, filled with clear gelatinous material
retina
thin layer of tissue that lines the back of the eye and contains photorecetors and blood vessels
cones
responsible for, sharp, detailed cental vision and colored vision
rods
night and peripheral vision
do we have more cones or rods?
rods
Macula
oval shaped yellowish area near center of retina, contains millions of photoreceptors(cones), most sensitive part of retina
choroid
thin vascular layer between retina and sclera
optic disk
optic nerve fibers/ blood vessels leave the eyeball
fovea
center of macula, thin rod free portion of the retina where cones are densly packed
what is the cup to disk ration?
should not exceed 0.5 or 1:2
