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Clin med 1 > blood > Flashcards

blood Flashcards

1
Q

what pt characteristics should you consider when ordering labs

A

race, grander, age, altitude

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2
Q

qualitative test

A

reported as positive or negative ie pregnancy

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3
Q

quantitative test

A

reported as an exact number ie electrolytes

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4
Q

sensitivity

A

identify a postitive results in pts who actually have the disease.
higher the sensitivity, the lower the chance of a false negative.
Sensitivity rule out=snout

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5
Q

specificity

A

assesses proportion of true negatives
lower the specificity the higher the chance of faule positives
if test is hightly specific an its positive, nearly certain that they have the disease
specificity rule in=spin

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6
Q

WBC range

A

4000-10500 cells/mm3

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7
Q

when are WBCs increased?

A

inflammation, bacterial infection, leukemia and some meds

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8
Q

when are WBCs decreased?

A

viral infections, chemo and bone marrow suppresision

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9
Q

myeloid and lymphoid cell lines descend from what kind of cell?

A

Pluripotent stem cell

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10
Q

cells in the granulocyte line

A

PMNs
eosinophils
basophils

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11
Q

what cell makes up more than half of the curculating blood?

A

granulocytes

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12
Q

what is margination?

A

hangout in vessel wall, when activated then move to site very quickly

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13
Q

what is a left shift?

A

immature granulocytes are being released from the marrow. so highly banded PMNs.

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14
Q

when do you see toxic granulation

A

severe bacterial infections and burns

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15
Q

hypersegmented PMNs caused by what

A

B12 def/ folic acid def

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16
Q

Neutophilia

A

increase in PMNs. bacterial infection. some viral(smallpox, chicken pox, herpes zoster). responds to stress(exersice, emotional, shildbirt). inflammatory disease(RA,gout,hypersensitivity trxn to drug) metabolic disorders (diabetic ketoacidosis, thyroid storm) drugs(epinephrine,heparin,histamine)

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17
Q

Neutropenia

A

decrease in PMNs. viral(hepatitis, flu, measles,mumps,rubella,mono) bacterial(thyphoid,tularemia,bucellosis) hypersplenism, chomo, lupus

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18
Q

lymphocytes

A

2nd most numeros EBC. interact with antigens. found in spleen, lympph nodes, mucosa. continuous circulation. T and B cells

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19
Q

HIV infects what cell

A

CD4 cells

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20
Q

lymphocytosis

A

increase in lymphocytes. bacterial(whooping ciugh, brucellosis) viral(hepatitis,mono,mumps,CMV), metabolic(hyperadrenalism, hyperthyroidism) chronic inflammtory(ulcerative colitis, serum sicknes ITP)

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21
Q

lymphocytopenia

A

decrease in lymphocytes. immunodeficiency)HIV, congenital defects of cell mediated immunity, immunosuppressive meds) severe debilitating illness( congestive heart failure, renal failure, advanced TB) adrenal corticosteroid exposure( therapeutic admin, ACTH producting pituitay tumors, adrenal gland hyperactivity.

22
Q

monocytes

A

5-8% of circulating WBCs. quickly migrate into tissue>tissue macrophage. antigen processing and phagocytosis.

23
Q

monocytosis

A

infections(TB,subacute bacterial endocarditis,hepatitis, syphilis.) granulomatous disease(sarcoid, ulcerative colitis) collagen vascular dieases(lupus, RA,polyarteritits)cancers

24
Q

RBCs

A

contain Hgb produced in marrow

25
Q

Hgb

A

serves as carrier for O2 and CO2 transport, buffer in acid/base balance. women usually llower

26
Q

Hct

A

measure of % of total blood volume made up by RBCs (think bout what happens with dehydration)

27
Q

MCV

A

mean corpuscular volume 80-95
size of cell-average size of cell
smaller the number small the RBC

28
Q

MCHC

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 32-36
avergave concentration of hgb in rbc
low=hypochromic

29
Q

hypochromic

A

low MCHC meaning less concentration of hgb

30
Q

MCH

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin 27-31

measure of weight of hgb

31
Q

RDW

A

red cell distribution width 11-14.5

indicated variation in size of RBC

32
Q

Ferritin

A

major iron storage, available iron stores, decrease indicates a decrease in iron storage.

33
Q

elevated ferritin

A

hemochromatosis, iron poisoning or recent transfusion

can be acute phase reactant-go up with any type of inflammation

34
Q

reticulocytes

A

immature red blood cell. used to determiine bone marrow function and eval of erythropoetic activity.
adult 0.5-2%
infant 0.5-3.1
newborn2.5-6.5%

35
Q

reticulocytes are high in

A

hemolytic anemias, hemorrhage, treatment for other anemias

36
Q

decreased retic

A

malignaancy, marrow failure

37
Q

Anemia

A

classified by size and amount of hgb in cells

38
Q

hemolytic uremic syndrome

A

renal failur, low platelets and hemolytic anemia, ecoli 0157

39
Q

haptoglobin

A

normally bind and clears free hemoglobin, produced in liver.

40
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in size of RBC

41
Q

poikilocytosis

A

variation in shape of RBC

42
Q

spherocytes

A

no centraal pallor-solid red

43
Q

schistocytosis

A

cell fragments(intravascular or mechanical problem ie heart valve shering rbcs)

44
Q

stomatocytosis

A

liver diease

45
Q

RBC inclusion

A

basophilic stippling-lead poisoning, megoalblastic anemia and thalassemia
howell jolly bodies-splenectomy

46
Q

heinz bodies

A

splenectomy and G6PD def

47
Q

evaluation of anemia

A 
CBC
retic count
haptoglobin(hemolysis)
iron studies
ferritin
B12/folic acid levels
TSH(hypothyroidism can cause anemia)
colonoscopy(over 60 is they have iron def anema(colon cancer)
48
Q

platelets

A

initiate clotting cascade
measured by count
function by bleeding time

49
Q

von willebrands

A

abnormal platelet function. keeps oozing, cryoprecipitate helps clot

50
Q

hgb/hct match x___

A

3

exp: 12hgb should have 36 hc

51
Q

acute phase reactants

A

ESR, CRP, plt, ferritin

Clin med 1 (2 decks)

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