EXAM 1 Flashcards
Gly
Glycine
Ala
Alanine
Val
Valine
Leu
Leucine
Ile
Isoleucine
Phe
Phenylalanine
Trp
Tryptophan
Met
Methionine
Pro
Proline
Asp
Aspartate
Glu
Glutamate
Ser
Serine
Thr
Threonine
Asn
Asparagine
Gln
Glutamine
Cys
Cysteine
His
Histidine
Lys
Lysine
Arg
Arginine
Acidic aminos acids are ?
Aspartate (asp)
Glutamate (glu)
Basic amino acids are?
Histidine (his)
Lysine (lys)
Arginine (arg)
Polar amino acids are ?
Serine/ ser Threonine/ thr Tyrosine/ tyr Asparagine/ asn Glutamine / gln Cysteine/ cys
Nonpolar aminos acids are?
Glycine/ gly Alanine/ ala valine / Val Leucine / leu Isoleucine / ile Phenylalanine / phe Tryptophan / trp Methionine / met Proline / pro
T/F only L form of amino acids are used in human metabolism
T
Racemic mixture is?
Means there is a 1 to 1 ratio L and D isomers of the substance
Eg. racemic mixture 100mg of glycine
50 mg of L 50 mg of D (D not useful)
Essential amino acids?
Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Lysine
Leucine
Conditionally essential AAs?
Arginine
Glutamine
Glycine
Taurine
Non essential amino acids are?
Alanine Asparagine Aspartic acid Cysteine Glutamic acid Proline
When should we test amino acids?
Neonatal screening Poor digestion High cholesterol Alzheimer’s Chronic fatigue Aging Cancer Pregnancy
2 exclusively ketogenic amino acids
Lysine
Leucine
AA that is principle supplier of nitrogen in the body
Glutamine
Protein turnover leads to hydrolysis and resynthesis of Xg of protein a day
300 to 400
2 major enzyme systems responsible for protein degradation
- Ubiquitin-proteasome system cytosol ATP dependent
2. Lysomal enzymes ATP independent
Typical grams of protein consumed daily in American diet
70-100
T/F only free amino acids are found in the portal vein after a meal
T
T/F the concentration of free amino acids is lower outside the cell than inside ?
False
T/F cystinuria is the most common genetic error of amino acid metabolism
t
2 sources of urea nitrogen
Ammonia
Aspartate
Allosteric regulator of the urea cycle?
NAG/N-Acetyl-glutamate
Where are 2 nitrogen’s provided from to form urea?
- Free ammonia (NH3)
2. Aspartate (ultimately from glutamate)
T/F hyperammonemia is toxic to the CNS?
T