Ex1 Flashcards
Which is NOT true about antibiotics?
A) Antibiotics are naturally produced by bacteria and fungi.
B) Antibiotics may damage the infected host.
C) Antibiotic-resistant strains of pathogens are emerging and spread.
D) Scientists have screened the majority of natural microbes to search possible antibiotics and they now have
to focus on the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds.
E) All of the above are true about antibiotics.
D) Scientists have screened the majority of natural microbes to search possible antibiotics and they now have
Chemicals that are produced by bacteria and fungi to kill other microbes including human pathogens are called
A) antibiotics.
B) synthetic drugs.
C) magic bullets
D) sulfonamides
E) chemotherapeutics
A) antibiotics.
The terms “run” and “tumble” are generally associated with
A) cell membrane structures.
B) cell wall fluidity.
C) flagella that uses ATP as a direct energy source to rotate.
D) cell movement that responds spatial rather than temporal gradients of chemicals.
E) taxic movements of the cell.
E) taxic movements of the cell.
You are performing a Gram stain on gram-positive bacteria and you stop after the addition of the decolorizing agent, alcohol. What is the color of the bacteria at this point?
Purple - becasue you are staining a gram positive bacteria even when with a decolorization the bacterial will still be purple (positive)
if it was negative - after he decolorization step it would turn negative
Consider the substances that surround cells that are viscous polymer of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or
both.
What is the general term for these substances?
A) biofilm.
B) outer shell
C) cell wall.
D) glycocalyx.
E) peptidoglycan.
D) glycocalyx.
According to Carl Woese’s classification based on the phylogenetic relationships, the previous domain Prokaryotes now has two domains: ______ and ______.
Bacteria and Archaea
Which is NOT a correct scientific name?
A) S. cerevisiae
B) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
C) S.cerevisiae
D) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
E) All of above are correct scientific names.
C) S.cerevisiae
Consider the substances that surround cells that are viscous polymer of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or
both.
Streptococcus pneumoniae has ___ that is organized and firmly attached to the cell wall.
A) fimbriae
B) biofilm
C) outer membrane D) slime layer
E) capsule
E) capsule
Assume E. coli bacteria are grown in a medium containing the radioactive isotope 16 N. After a 48-hour
incubation period, the 16N would most likely be found in theE. coli’s
A) carbohydrates
B) lipids
C) proteins
D) water
E) none of the above
C) proteins
Which of the following is FALSE about fimbriae?
A) They are composed of protein.
B) They may be used for attachment.
C) They are found on gram-negative cells.
D) They are composed on pilin.
E) They may be used for motility.
E) They may be used for motility.
When gram-negative bacteria die, they can release a toxin that was part of their own body. Then, this toxin can show the symptoms such as fever, dilation of blood vessels, and shock.
The origin of this toxin is ____.
A) peptidoglycan
B) lipoprotein
C) phospholipid
D) lipopolysaccharide
E) core polysaccharide
D) lipopolysaccharide
Lysozyme hydrolyzes
A) peptides cross-link in peptidoglycan.
B) the peptide bonds in proteins.
C) disulfide bonds in proteins.
D) the glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan.
E) the glycosidic bonds in starch.
D) the glycosidic bonds in peptidoglycan.
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
A) glycocalyx - adherence
B) pili - reproduction
C) cell wall - protection
D) cell wall of gram-negatives - toxin
E) none of the above is mismatched
B) pili - reproduction
What is the general term for substances surrounding cells that are viscous polymer of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both?
Extracellular polymeric substance EPS
Many bacterial cells’ surroundings have substances that are viscous polymer. Which is NOT a function of these substances?
A) serve as an anchorage for flagella.
B) protect pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis by the host cells.
C) serve as an extracellular polymeric substance in biofilm.
D) enable the cells to survive by attaching to various surfaces in their natural environment.
E) all of the above are functions of these extracellular substances.
E) all of the above are functions of these extracellular substances.
It has been said the bacteria are essential for the existence of life on Earth. Which of the following is the essential function performed by bacteria?
A) control insect populations
B) directly provide food for humans
C) decompose organic material and recycle elements
D) cause disease
E) produce human hormones such as insulin
C) decompose organic material and recycle elements
Two key properties of water that make it such a good solvent for life are polarity (due to its electric dipole nature) and _________ (because every water molecule can form up to 4 H-bonds).
hydrogen bonding
Which is a correct scientific nomenclature?
A) E. coli
B) E. coli
C) Escherichia coli
D) Escherichia coli
E) Escherichia coli
E) Escherichia coli
Which of the following statements regarding protein structure is FALSE?
A) Secondary structures are formed only from hydrogen bonds.
B) Quinary structure may involve RNA.
C) The primary structure is formed by covalent bonding between amino acid subunits.
D) Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds.
E) Quaternary structures involve multiple polypeptides.
D) Tertiary structures are formed only from covalent bonds.
When gram-negative bacteria die, they can release a toxin that was part of their own body. Then, this toxin can show the symptoms such as fever, dilation of blood vessels, and shock.
What is this toxin?
A) a fever toxin
B) an enterotoxin
C) a membrane toxin
D) an endotoxin
E) an exotoxin
D) an endotoxin
Which pair is NOT correct?
A) Joseph Lister - used chemical disinfectant
B) Robert Hooke - wrote Micrographia
C) John Needham - supported abiogenesis
D) Louis Pasteur - discovered fermentation
E) Louis Pasteur - proved the germ theory of disease
E) Louis Pasteur - proved the germ theory of disease
All bacteria of the genus Mycobacterium and Nocardia contain high concentrations of a hydrophobic waxy lipid called ____ bound to peptidoglycan that prevents the uptake of dyes.
Mycolic acid - waxy lipid
Spherical bacterial cells in chain would be referred to as a ______ arrangement.
A) Bacillus
B) Staphylococcus
C) Streptococcus
D) Spiral E) Vibrio
B) Staphylococcus
What are the two meaning of “Bacillus” in microbiology?
Bacillus has 2 meanings in microbiology
Bacterial shape = rod shape
Specific genus (when cap and italicized) - Bacillus
The theory of biogenesis was strongly supported by
A) Louis Pasteur.
B) Lazzaro Spallanzani.
C) John Needham.
D) Francesco Redi.
E) Rudolf Virchow.
A) Louis Pasteur.
Pasteur’s solution to the spoilage problem was ______ where beer, milk, and wine are heated just enough to kill ___ of the bacteria that caused the spoilage.
A) sterilization/most
B) sterilization/all
C) pasteurization/most
D) pasteurization/all
E) fermentation/all
C) pasteurization/most
The first antibiotic to be utilized was
A) salvarsan.
B) penicillin.
C) vancomycin.
D) sulfonamides.
E) teixobactin.
B) penicillin.