EX section A

Question 1

a,b,d,e,f

Answer 1

Question 2

• holds along a …. for ….. and …… … only and …. flow

-rationale: as unit of …. moves along ……, it exchanges between .. forms of …. (doesn’t loose or gain ….)

-….. losses due to ……… ignored

Answer 2

• holds along a streamline for steady and incompressible flow only and laminar flow

-rationale: as unit of fluid moves along streamline, it exchanges between 3 forms of energy (doesn’t loose or gain energy)

-energy losses due to friction/viscosity/turbulence ignored

Question 3

equation for pressure difference in manometers

Answer 3

Question 4

State the continuity equation

• relates to a …. tube in …. …. conditions

Answer 4

• relates to a stream tube in steady flow conditions

Question 5

(venturi meter) Correction factor equation when given coefficient of discharge

why is correction factor applied?

Answer 5

In reality the total head equation is not perfectly applicable and some loss in energy occurs due to viscous forces and surface roughness.

Therefore to measure flow rates a correction factor is applied, called coefficient of discharge

Question 6

equation for mass flow rate?

Answer 6

Question 7

momentum equation for fluids?

Answer 7

Question 8

equation for the resultant force in terms of combined forces

Explain how the momentum equation relates to the forces

Answer 8

FSB- forces due to solid boundary

FB- forces due to body forces (e.g. gravity)- if in elevation

FE- external forces due to fluid at the boundary (pressure)

Resultant force from the momentum equation is equal to the combined forces on the stream tube

Question 9

Give a real-life example where the principle of the momentum equation is used for a practical purpose.

Answer 9

design pipe for reaction of the solid boundary

(the force exerted by the water on the pipe.)

want to know what is the force that you need to design my structures for, what’s the demand that need to be met with the capacity that you’re providing with design

Question 10

a,b,c

Answer 10

wrong shape for c, should be trapezium

Question 11

pressure distribution when water surface not at top of the gate

Answer 11

• if it was would be triangle

Question 12

p(h) = ?

Answer 12

Question 13

width function for these shapes?

Answer 13

w= mh + c

except for rectangle, w= 1.2

Question 14

force equation for this :

Answer 14

Question 15

force equation for this :
(also moment arm)

Answer 15

moment arm= h - distance from datum to hinge

depends order, check by subbing in value of h and see if it correlates to height of gate (where at hinge height of gate=0)

Question 16

a,b,c

Answer 16

Question 17

a,b,c

Answer 17

Question 18

a,b,d

Answer 18