Ex 2 Flashcards
What are exaggerations of perversions of normal neurological function and are due to a loss of cortical function?
Release phenomena
What kind of lesions produce only deficit phenomena ?
Lower motor neuron lesions
What is an increase in muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement then it fades away?
Spasticity ( like knife clasp)
What is an involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire ROM?
Rigidity
For muscle stretch reflex in the biceps what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?
C5-6, main 5, musculcutaneous
For muscle stretch reflex in the brachioradialis what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?
C5-6, main 6, radial nerve
For muscle stretch reflex in the triceps what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?
C6-7-8-T1, main 7, radial
For muscle stretch reflex in finger flexion what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?
C7-8-T1, 8, median and ulnar
According to the Wexler scare what is a normal reflex rated as?
+2
According to the wexler scale what is a hyperactive reflex?
+3 (+4 would be hyperactive with some kind of clonus)
According to the wexler scale what is a hypoactive reflex with reinforcement?
+1
Reinforcement may be carried out according to what?
The method of jendrassik
What is the segmental interaction for the epigastric reflex?
T5-7
What is the segmental interaction for the Upper abdominal reflex?
T7-9
What is the segmental interaction for the middle abdominal reflex?
T9-T11
What is the segmental interaction for the lower abdominal refleX?
T11-T12
What is the segmental innervation for the cremasteric reflex?
L1-L2
What is the segmental innervation for the gluteal reflex?
L4-S2
What is the only abdominal reflex that is not stimulating ONLY the intercostal nerves?
Lower abdominal ( iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal )
What is the segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for the plantar reflex?
L4-s2, tibial
What are the segmental levels the ciliospinal reflex is testing? Afferent and efferent ?
AFF- cervical and CN V, eff- cervical symp
What are the segmental levels the occulocardiac reflex is testing? Afferent and efferent?
AFF- CN v, EFF- CN X
What are the segmental levels the carotid sinus reflex is testing? Afferent and efferent?
Aff- CN IX, EFF- CN X
What is the shaking in the fingers due to agonist antagonist actions ?
Physiological tremors
What is a startle reaction that is usually a normal occurrence where the jerk may involve the while body or part of it, when the person is waking from sleep and can be considered a type of seizure disorder ?
Myoclonic jerk
What are twitches within the muscles often after exercise and are not pathological?
Benign fasciculation’s
What is a decrease in movement and is seen in depression or Parkinson’s?
Hypokinesia
What is an increase in movement (exacerbated by stress, decreased with repose) ?
Hyperkinesia
What type of tremor is rapid, of low amplitude that worsens with volitional movement?
Emotional tremor
What type of tremor is hereditary that usually affects the hands?
Familial
What type of tremor is similar to familial, associated with aging ?
Senile
What type of tremor is described as “pill rolling” at rest, and disappears or dampens with volitional movement and where is the lesions?
Parkinsonian, basal ganglion
What kind of tremor gets worse with refined volitional movements and where is the pathology?
Intention tremor, cerebellar
What type of tremor occurs during maintenance of an intentional posture, disappears with movement?
Postural
What are random, quick movements simulating fragments of normal movements?
Nontremorous hyperkinesia or chorea
What is a slow, writing movement of the fingers and extremities that may come and go and are usually associated with pyramidal tract signs?
Athetosis
What is a slow, alternating contraction and relaxation of agonists and antagonists, with one movement predominating for a long time (causes fixed faint contractures) ?
Dystonia
What are violent, flinging movements of half of the body?
Hemiballismus
What are quick, repetitive movements of the face, tongue, or extremities, associated with emotional stress.
Tics
What is motor unrest manifested as continual shifting of posture and or movement?
Akathisia
What is tonic or clinic spasms of all or part of the body ?
Epilepsy
What is involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, and limbs. Onset usually occurs moths after prolonged use of neuroleptic agents?
Tardive dyskinesias
What is the largest single category of involuntary moments?
Neuroleptic agents
What type of gait is when the person walks on a wide base, slapping their feet, and usually have to watch their legs so they know where they are. Torrenting and swaying occur.
Tabetic or ataxic gait
What type of gait is when the persons affected leg is rigid and is swung from the hip in a semicircle by movements of the trunk. The person leans towards the affect side and the arm on that side is held in a rigged semi flexed position. The toes tend to be forced down, so abduction and circumduction of the lower limbs is necessary to move forward.
Hemiplegic gait
What type of gait is when the patients eggs are addicted, crossing alternately in front of one another with the knees scraping together. This results in short steps and progression is slow.
Scissors gait
Scissors gait is characteristic of what?
Spastic paraplegia
What type of gait is when the patient rolls from side to side because of weakness of the hips. They cant maintain the proper angle of the pelvis and it slumps towards the non weight bearing side?
Waddling or clumsy gait
Which type of gait is a hysterical ataxia with such bizarre uncooridnation that the person can not walk or stand but all leg movements can be performed when they are sitting?
Astasia-abasia
What type of gait is assoacited with short shuffling steps slowly at first and then becoming more rapped. Patient has a stooped posture. They appear to be chasing their center of gravity?
Propulsion or festination gait
What type of gait is when the person puts down the affects extremity carefully and takes short step to get the weight off the painful limb as soon as possible ?
Limping gait
What is the normal rom for the cervical spine? Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation?
Flexion- 60, extension 75, lateral flexion 45, and rotation 80.
What is the ROM for the thoracic spine?
Flexion- 20-45, extension 25-35, rotation 35-50, lat flexion 20-40
What does the O stand for in OPQURST?
Onset
What does that P stand for in OPQRST?
Provocation/palliative
What does the Q stand for in OPQRST?
Quality of pain
What does the R stand for in OPQRST?
Radiating
What does the S stand for in OPQRST?
Severity
What does the T stand for in OPQRST?
Time
What does SOAP stand for in the therapeutic trial?
Subjective findings, objective findings, assent and Plan.
Sharp pain on motion is found in what structure?
Joint
Burning or hot feeling is in what structure ?
Nerve
Sharp pain not on motion is in what structure?
Nerve
Stabbing or lighting pain is in what structure?
Nerve
Tingling and or numbness is found in what structure ?
Nerve
Cramping/knot/spasm is found in what structure?
Muscle
Dull ache is found in what structure?
Muscle
Radiating dull or deep acre is what?
Referred pain ( scleratogenous) pain
Deep burning pain is found where?
Bone. Or ligament
Pinpoint pain offer paraspinal tissue is found where?
Myofascial trigger point
Crawling sensation is found where?
Myofascial pain
Throbbing is found where?
Vascular
Well localized pain is found where?
Peripheral
Diffuse pain is found where
Central
Injuries to a ligament also refer pain into areas and are called what?
Sclerotomal
How is the visual analog pain scale rated?
0-100 on a mm line
How is the Borg pain scale rated?
0-10
When symptoms or signs constitute an annoyance but cause no impairment in the performances of a particular attitude how would this be rated on the pain grading system?
Minimal
When the symptoms or sings can be tolerated but would cause some impairment in the performance of an activity that precipitates the symptoms or signs how would this be rated on the pain grading system?
Slight
When the symptoms and signs would caused marked impairment in the performance of an activity that precipitates the signs or symptoms how would be be rated on the pain grading system?
Moderate
When the symptoms or signs preclude an activity that precipitates the symptoms or signs how would this be labeled in the pain grading system?
Marked
What is the Percent associated with intermittent frequency of pain?
Less than 25% of the time
What is the Percent associated with occasional frequency of pain?
Between 25% and 50%
What is the Percent associated with frequent pain?
Between 50% and 75%
What is the Percent associated with constant pain?
Between 75% and 100%
A depressed patient without dementia usually scores between what and what on the mini mental status?
24-30
A score of what or below on the mini mental status exam signifies disease?
20
Which type of end feel is an abrupt stop when two hard surfaces meet?
Bone to bone
Which type of end feel is “leathery” slight give at end ROM?
Capsular end feel
What type of end feel is usually pathological and generally represents intraartcular end feel ?
Springy block
What is a grade 1 for muscular strength ?
0-10% of normal movement. Can’t overcome gravity
What is a grade 2 on a muscle strength test?
11-25%, cannot over come gravity
What is a grade 3 on muscle strength ?
26-50%, can overcome gravity.
What is a grade 4 on muscle strength?
51-75%, can move against gravity and variable resistance
What is a grade 5 on muscle strength?
76-100% can move against gravity plus max resistance
A cerebellopontine angle lesion is associated with what CNs?
V,VII,VIII
A cavernous sinus lesion is associated with what CNs?
III, IV, V, VI.
What CNs are assocaited with jugular foramen syndrome?
IX, x, XI
