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NMS > Ex 2 > Flashcards

Ex 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are exaggerations of perversions of normal neurological function and are due to a loss of cortical function?

A

Release phenomena

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2
Q

What kind of lesions produce only deficit phenomena ?

A

Lower motor neuron lesions

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3
Q

What is an increase in muscular resistance felt by the examiner during quick joint movement then it fades away?

A

Spasticity ( like knife clasp)

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4
Q

What is an involuntary muscular resistance felt when moving a resting joint and persists as the joint is moved through its entire ROM?

A

Rigidity

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5
Q

For muscle stretch reflex in the biceps what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?

A

C5-6, main 5, musculcutaneous

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6
Q

For muscle stretch reflex in the brachioradialis what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?

A

C5-6, main 6, radial nerve

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7
Q

For muscle stretch reflex in the triceps what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?

A

C6-7-8-T1, main 7, radial

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8
Q

For muscle stretch reflex in finger flexion what is the segmental innervation and the peripheral nerve? ( also the main segmental innervation?

A

C7-8-T1, 8, median and ulnar

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9
Q

According to the Wexler scare what is a normal reflex rated as?

A

+2

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10
Q

According to the wexler scale what is a hyperactive reflex?

A

+3 (+4 would be hyperactive with some kind of clonus)

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11
Q

According to the wexler scale what is a hypoactive reflex with reinforcement?

A

+1

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12
Q

Reinforcement may be carried out according to what?

A

The method of jendrassik

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13
Q

What is the segmental interaction for the epigastric reflex?

A

T5-7

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14
Q

What is the segmental interaction for the Upper abdominal reflex?

A

T7-9

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15
Q

What is the segmental interaction for the middle abdominal reflex?

A

T9-T11

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16
Q

What is the segmental interaction for the lower abdominal refleX?

A

T11-T12

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17
Q

What is the segmental innervation for the cremasteric reflex?

A

L1-L2

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18
Q

What is the segmental innervation for the gluteal reflex?

A

L4-S2

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19
Q

What is the only abdominal reflex that is not stimulating ONLY the intercostal nerves?

A

Lower abdominal ( iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal )

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20
Q

What is the segmental innervation and peripheral nerve for the plantar reflex?

A

L4-s2, tibial

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21
Q

What are the segmental levels the ciliospinal reflex is testing? Afferent and efferent ?

A

AFF- cervical and CN V, eff- cervical symp

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22
Q

What are the segmental levels the occulocardiac reflex is testing? Afferent and efferent?

A

AFF- CN v, EFF- CN X

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23
Q

What are the segmental levels the carotid sinus reflex is testing? Afferent and efferent?

A

Aff- CN IX, EFF- CN X

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24
Q

What is the shaking in the fingers due to agonist antagonist actions ?

A

Physiological tremors

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25
Q

What is a startle reaction that is usually a normal occurrence where the jerk may involve the while body or part of it, when the person is waking from sleep and can be considered a type of seizure disorder ?

A

Myoclonic jerk

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26
Q

What are twitches within the muscles often after exercise and are not pathological?

A

Benign fasciculation’s

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27
Q

What is a decrease in movement and is seen in depression or Parkinson’s?

A

Hypokinesia

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28
Q

What is an increase in movement (exacerbated by stress, decreased with repose) ?

A

Hyperkinesia

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29
Q

What type of tremor is rapid, of low amplitude that worsens with volitional movement?

A

Emotional tremor

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30
Q

What type of tremor is hereditary that usually affects the hands?

A

Familial

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31
Q

What type of tremor is similar to familial, associated with aging ?

A

Senile

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32
Q

What type of tremor is described as “pill rolling” at rest, and disappears or dampens with volitional movement and where is the lesions?

A

Parkinsonian, basal ganglion

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33
Q

What kind of tremor gets worse with refined volitional movements and where is the pathology?

A

Intention tremor, cerebellar

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34
Q

What type of tremor occurs during maintenance of an intentional posture, disappears with movement?

A

Postural

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35
Q

What are random, quick movements simulating fragments of normal movements?

A

Nontremorous hyperkinesia or chorea

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36
Q

What is a slow, writing movement of the fingers and extremities that may come and go and are usually associated with pyramidal tract signs?

A

Athetosis

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37
Q

What is a slow, alternating contraction and relaxation of agonists and antagonists, with one movement predominating for a long time (causes fixed faint contractures) ?

A

Dystonia

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38
Q

What are violent, flinging movements of half of the body?

A

Hemiballismus

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39
Q

What are quick, repetitive movements of the face, tongue, or extremities, associated with emotional stress.

A

Tics

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40
Q

What is motor unrest manifested as continual shifting of posture and or movement?

A

Akathisia

41
Q

What is tonic or clinic spasms of all or part of the body ?

A

Epilepsy

42
Q

What is involuntary movements of the face, mouth, tongue, and limbs. Onset usually occurs moths after prolonged use of neuroleptic agents?

A

Tardive dyskinesias

43
Q

What is the largest single category of involuntary moments?

A

Neuroleptic agents

44
Q

What type of gait is when the person walks on a wide base, slapping their feet, and usually have to watch their legs so they know where they are. Torrenting and swaying occur.

A

Tabetic or ataxic gait

45
Q

What type of gait is when the persons affected leg is rigid and is swung from the hip in a semicircle by movements of the trunk. The person leans towards the affect side and the arm on that side is held in a rigged semi flexed position. The toes tend to be forced down, so abduction and circumduction of the lower limbs is necessary to move forward.

A

Hemiplegic gait

46
Q

What type of gait is when the patients eggs are addicted, crossing alternately in front of one another with the knees scraping together. This results in short steps and progression is slow.

A

Scissors gait

47
Q

Scissors gait is characteristic of what?

A

Spastic paraplegia

48
Q

What type of gait is when the patient rolls from side to side because of weakness of the hips. They cant maintain the proper angle of the pelvis and it slumps towards the non weight bearing side?

A

Waddling or clumsy gait

49
Q

Which type of gait is a hysterical ataxia with such bizarre uncooridnation that the person can not walk or stand but all leg movements can be performed when they are sitting?

A

Astasia-abasia

50
Q

What type of gait is assoacited with short shuffling steps slowly at first and then becoming more rapped. Patient has a stooped posture. They appear to be chasing their center of gravity?

A

Propulsion or festination gait

51
Q

What type of gait is when the person puts down the affects extremity carefully and takes short step to get the weight off the painful limb as soon as possible ?

A

Limping gait

52
Q

What is the normal rom for the cervical spine? Flexion, extension, lateral flexion, and rotation?

A

Flexion- 60, extension 75, lateral flexion 45, and rotation 80.

53
Q

What is the ROM for the thoracic spine?

A

Flexion- 20-45, extension 25-35, rotation 35-50, lat flexion 20-40

54
Q

What does the O stand for in OPQURST?

A

Onset

55
Q

What does that P stand for in OPQRST?

A

Provocation/palliative

56
Q

What does the Q stand for in OPQRST?

A

Quality of pain

57
Q

What does the R stand for in OPQRST?

A

Radiating

58
Q

What does the S stand for in OPQRST?

A

Severity

59
Q

What does the T stand for in OPQRST?

A

Time

60
Q

What does SOAP stand for in the therapeutic trial?

A

Subjective findings, objective findings, assent and Plan.

61
Q

Sharp pain on motion is found in what structure?

A

Joint

62
Q

Burning or hot feeling is in what structure ?

A

Nerve

63
Q

Sharp pain not on motion is in what structure?

A

Nerve

64
Q

Stabbing or lighting pain is in what structure?

A

Nerve

65
Q

Tingling and or numbness is found in what structure ?

A

Nerve

66
Q

Cramping/knot/spasm is found in what structure?

A

Muscle

67
Q

Dull ache is found in what structure?

A

Muscle

68
Q

Radiating dull or deep acre is what?

A

Referred pain ( scleratogenous) pain

69
Q

Deep burning pain is found where?

A

Bone. Or ligament

70
Q

Pinpoint pain offer paraspinal tissue is found where?

A

Myofascial trigger point

71
Q

Crawling sensation is found where?

A

Myofascial pain

72
Q

Throbbing is found where?

A

Vascular

73
Q

Well localized pain is found where?

A

Peripheral

74
Q

Diffuse pain is found where

A

Central

75
Q

Injuries to a ligament also refer pain into areas and are called what?

A

Sclerotomal

76
Q

How is the visual analog pain scale rated?

A

0-100 on a mm line

77
Q

How is the Borg pain scale rated?

A

0-10

78
Q

When symptoms or signs constitute an annoyance but cause no impairment in the performances of a particular attitude how would this be rated on the pain grading system?

A

Minimal

79
Q

When the symptoms or sings can be tolerated but would cause some impairment in the performance of an activity that precipitates the symptoms or signs how would this be rated on the pain grading system?

A

Slight

80
Q

When the symptoms and signs would caused marked impairment in the performance of an activity that precipitates the signs or symptoms how would be be rated on the pain grading system?

A

Moderate

81
Q

When the symptoms or signs preclude an activity that precipitates the symptoms or signs how would this be labeled in the pain grading system?

A

Marked

82
Q

What is the Percent associated with intermittent frequency of pain?

A

Less than 25% of the time

83
Q

What is the Percent associated with occasional frequency of pain?

A

Between 25% and 50%

84
Q

What is the Percent associated with frequent pain?

A

Between 50% and 75%

85
Q

What is the Percent associated with constant pain?

A

Between 75% and 100%

86
Q

A depressed patient without dementia usually scores between what and what on the mini mental status?

A

24-30

87
Q

A score of what or below on the mini mental status exam signifies disease?

A

20

88
Q

Which type of end feel is an abrupt stop when two hard surfaces meet?

A

Bone to bone

89
Q

Which type of end feel is “leathery” slight give at end ROM?

A

Capsular end feel

90
Q

What type of end feel is usually pathological and generally represents intraartcular end feel ?

A

Springy block

91
Q

What is a grade 1 for muscular strength ?

A

0-10% of normal movement. Can’t overcome gravity

92
Q

What is a grade 2 on a muscle strength test?

A

11-25%, cannot over come gravity

93
Q

What is a grade 3 on muscle strength ?

A

26-50%, can overcome gravity.

94
Q

What is a grade 4 on muscle strength?

A

51-75%, can move against gravity and variable resistance

95
Q

What is a grade 5 on muscle strength?

A

76-100% can move against gravity plus max resistance

96
Q

A cerebellopontine angle lesion is associated with what CNs?

A

V,VII,VIII

97
Q

A cavernous sinus lesion is associated with what CNs?

A

III, IV, V, VI.

98
Q

What CNs are assocaited with jugular foramen syndrome?

A

IX, x, XI

NMS (2 decks)

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