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Histology > Ex 1: Connective Tissue > Flashcards

Ex 1: Connective Tissue Flashcards

1
Q

Subdivisions of adult connective tissue

A
  • elastic
  • reticular
  • loose
  • dense
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2
Q

Subdivisions of special connective tissue

A
  • adipose
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • hematopoietic
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3
Q

Loose adult connective tissue

A

both collagen and elastic fibers are present and arranged in a very loose, random fashion

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4
Q

Dense adult connective tissue

A

collagen fibers predominate

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5
Q

Reticular adult connective tissue

A

reticular fibers predominate

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6
Q

Elastic adult connective tissue

A

elastic fibers predominate

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7
Q

Embryonic connective tissue

A
  • found in umbilical cord and in the pulp of developing teeth
  • referred to as Wharton’s jelly in umbilical cord
  • composed of some collagen and elastic fibers but mostly an abundance of extracellular matrix
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8
Q

Loose adult CT

A
  • areolar
  • high ratio of fibroblasts to fibrous components
  • type I collagen and elastic fibers
  • found beneath epithelial tissues of most organs, including the tunica adventitia of blood vessels
  • contains fibroblasts, mast cells, macrophages, and capillaries
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9
Q

Dense regular adult CT

A
  • high ratio of fibrous components of fibroblasts
  • thicker bundles of collagen than in loose CT
  • characterized by highly ordered bundles of collagen separated by single rows of fibroblasts
  • found in tendons an dligaments
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10
Q

Dense irregular adult CT

A
  • high ratio of fibrous components to fibroblasts
  • thicker bundles of collagen than in loose CT
  • no specific orientation of collagen bundles
  • found in fascia, submucosa of GI tract, and in dermis of integument
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11
Q

Reticular adult CT

A
  • type of dense irregular connective tissue with a predominance of reticular fibers
  • associated primarily with lymphatic tissue
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12
Q

Elastic adult CT

A
  • dense irregular CT with abundance of elastic fibers which form discontinuous lamellae
  • associated with walls of blood vessels produced by smooth muscle cells not fibroblasts
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13
Q

Special CT classes

A
  • adipose
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • hematopoietic
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14
Q

Adipocytes

A
  • derived from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and distnguished by their unique appearance
  • types: white fat and brown fat
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15
Q

White fat

A
  • adipocytes
  • distributed throughout body
  • unilocular
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16
Q

Three subdivisions of connective tissue

A

Embryonic
Adult
Special

17
Q

Connective tissue matrix

A
  • most common cells are fibrocytes and fibroblasts scattered in homogeneous mixture
  • matrix contains protein fibers and ground substance
18
Q

Types of protein fibers found in connective tissue matrix

A
  • collagen
  • reticular
  • elastic
  • ground substance: glycosaminoglycans and glycoproteins
19
Q

Collagen fiber synthesis

A
  • Type I collagen is synthesized as a prepropeptide
  • the signal sequence (pre) is cleaved after translocation of polypeptide into ER lumen of the fibroblast
  • propeptide (procollgen) is secreted by fibroblast into extracellular matrix. Pro collagen has non-helical ends that prevent polymerization
  • non-helical ends cleaved by peptidases then molecule is referred to as tropocollagen
  • polymerize and now it’s collagen!
20
Q

Elastic fiber synthesis

A
  • synthesized as prepropeptide
  • secreted as propeptide
  • converted to tropoelastin by extracellular enzymes that are also secreted by fibroblast
  • tropoelastin monomers assemble into amorphous fibers or sheets with the aid of several types of fibrillin
21
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

A
  • large, negatively charged linear polysaccharides
  • form most of amorphous substance of connective tissue with glycoproteins
  • all except for hyaluronic acid are covalently linked to protein to form proteoglycans
  • four groups: hyaluronic acid, heparin and heparan sulfate, chondroitin, keratan
22
Q

Four groups of GAGs

A
  • hyaluronic acid
  • heparin and heperan sulfate
  • chondroitin sulfate and dreamt sulfate
  • keratan sulfate
23
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A
  • largest of the GAGs
  • cartilage, skin, synovial fluid, general CT
  • only GAG that lacks sulfate group
  • consists of repeating carb chains of N-acetylgucosamine and D-glucoronic acid
  • present in nearly all connective tissues and in vitreous body of the eye, synovial fluid, and Wharton’s jelly
  • binds readily with water and serves as a lubricant in synovial fluids

Histology (7 decks)

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