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RAD 1 > Ex 1 > Flashcards

Ex 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of energy is primary with the production of x ray?

A

Electromagnetic

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2
Q

Electromagnetic radiation ENERGY (EMR) is measured in what?

A

Electron volts (eV)

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3
Q

1000 eV = ?

A

1 kiloelectron (keV)

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4
Q

EMR is measured by FREQUENCY in what?

A

Hertz (Hz)

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5
Q

Frequency is the ______&_______ of a sine wave?

A

Rise and fall

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6
Q

How do you measure a frequency cycle?

A

From one peak to the next peak = one cycle

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7
Q

X-ray has what kind of frequency ?

A

HIGH

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8
Q

EMR is measured by WAVELENGTH in what?

A

Meters (m)

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9
Q

Wavelength is the distance between ____________?

A

1 peak of the wave to the next peak

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10
Q

X-ray has a ______________wavelength?

A

VERY SHORT wavelength

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11
Q

All EMR travels at what speed?

A

Speed Of light

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12
Q

Does radiation have mass?

A

No

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13
Q

How does EMR travel ?

A

In bundles called photons or quanta

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14
Q

How does one determine if the radiation is ionizing or non ionizing?

A

Depending on their wavelength

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15
Q

As distance increases what happens to the intensity of the radiation ?

A

Decreases

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16
Q

EMR is measured by frequency in what?

A

HERTZ (Hz)

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17
Q

Frequency is the rise and fall of a _______?

A

Sine wave

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18
Q

What kind of EMR has enough energy to remove an electron?

A

Ionizing

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19
Q

Ionizing radiation has what kind of wavelength?

A

Very short

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20
Q

Ionizing radiation has what kind of frequency ?

A

High

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21
Q

Does ionizing radiation have an inversely related wavelength and frequency ?

A

Why yes, yes it does.

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22
Q

A short wavelength and a high frequency means _________?

A

High energy

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23
Q

What are examples of ionizing EMR (short wavelength)

A

X rays, gamma rays.

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24
Q

Does non-ionizing radiation have the energy to remove electrons ?

A

No

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25
Q

Nonionizing radiation has a ________ wavelength.

A

Long

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26
Q

Nonionizing radiation has a ______ frequency

A

Low

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27
Q

A long wavelength means low frequency and _________?

A

Lower energy

28
Q

What are examples of non ionizing EMR (long wavelength)

A

Infrared light and UV light, radios TV, microwave, and heat

29
Q

IS particle radiation on the electromagnetic ?

A

No

30
Q

Is electromagnetic radiation ionizing ?

A

Yes

31
Q

What does particle radiation come from?

A

Decay of a radioactive atom

32
Q

What kind of particles make up particle radiation ?

A

Alpha and beta

33
Q

Is particle radiation more or less penetrating that x ray?

A

Less

34
Q

Which is more harmful x rays or particle radiation ?

A

Particle radiation

35
Q

Inhalation of particle radiation (like radon gas) produces what kind of particle radiation ?

A

Alpha

36
Q

Measuring Ionizing radiation is call what?

A

Dosimetry

37
Q

What is the abbreviation for measuring radiation which is used internationally ?

A

SI

38
Q

Dosimetry is performed by a ?

A

Dosimeter

39
Q

What is the SI units name for measuring ionizing radiation ?

A

Roentgen or Coulombs

40
Q

How many rads = 1 gray (gy)

A

100

41
Q

What is another name for REM?

A

Sievert (Sv)

42
Q

Dosimetry for workers is usually in the form of a ?

A

Film badge

43
Q

What measures for biological effects from delayed exposure?

A

Film badge ( dosimetry )

44
Q

All together the average person gets about how many mrads each ear?

A

360

45
Q

Natural radiation ( background ) radiation makes up for how much of your yearly exposure ?

A

82%

46
Q

What are examples of cosmic radiation?

A

Sun and stars

47
Q

How many mrem of cosmic radiation does a person get a year?

A

29 mrem

48
Q

Cosmic radiation increases the _________?

A

Higher the altitude

49
Q

Terrestrial radiation accounts for how much of our total exposure each year?

A

55%

50
Q

Man made radiation makes up what percent of our yearly exposure?

A

18%

51
Q

What is the largest source of man made exposure?

A

Diagnostic x Ray

52
Q

Where are nuclides found?

A

Living tissue

53
Q

Can diagnostic x ray cause acute effects?

A

No

54
Q

What kind of exposure is more detrimental than exposure to a specific part?

A

Whole body dose

55
Q

What kind of dose is exposure causing tissue damage of the exposed individual (early or late)

A

Somatic dose

56
Q

What kind of dose is exposure potentially causing damage to future generations of the exposed individual ?

A

Genetic dose

57
Q

Fetal exposure up to how many rads is not expected to cause any harm ?

A

10

58
Q

What is it called if you’re exposed at a low level continuously, effects are reduced ?

A

Protraction

59
Q

What is it called when non continuous exposure to high doses reduces effects?

A

Fractionation

60
Q

Is protraction used in radiotherapy ?

A

Yes

61
Q

Is fractionation used in radiotherapy ?

A

Yes

62
Q

What is radiation Hormesis ?

A

The apparent beneficial effects of radiation

63
Q

What is the name of the effect that is associated with cancer and cataracts ?

A

Stochastic somatic effects

64
Q

What is known effects that increase with increased dose, short term effects, and has a threshold at with effects are predictable ?

A

Deterministic somatic (non stochastic effects)

65
Q

Small to moderate doses of ration may reduce what?

A

Infection and fatal malignancies and can prolong life

RAD 1 (4 decks)

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