EWT - AO1 Flashcards
Who conducted key research into Misleading Information?
Loftus and Palmer
What was Loftus and Palmer’s procedure?
They divided ppts into groups and made them watch a video of a car crash
They then asked them the same Q but changed one word:
“How fast were the cars going when they x into each other?”
x = Hit / Contacted / Bumped / Collided / Smashed
What did Loftus and Palmer find?
Contacted = 31.8mph Smashed = 40.5
What is the Response Bias Explanation?
When the wording of the question INFLUENCES how the ppts decide to answer
What is the Substitution Explanation?
Who concluded this?
When the wording of the question CHANGED the ppts memory of the event
Loftus and Palmer
Who conducted research into Post Event Discussion?
Gabbert et al
What was Gabbert’s procedure?
They had ppts watch the same crime from different POVs and then allowed them to discuss what they saw
What did Gabbert find and conclude?
71% of the ppts recalled aspects of the clip that they didn’t see
Concluded that EWT can be contaminated because of ‘Memory Conformity’
Who conducted research into Anxiety and found that it had a bad effect of memory?
Johnson and Scott
How did Johnson and Scott conduct their research?
Had ppts ‘witness’ a crime - they either saw a man covered in blood with a knife leave a room or a man covered in grease with a pen in his hand after hearing an arguement
What were Johnson and Scott’s findings?
49% were able to identify the penman
33% could identify the knifeman
Said this was b/c of weapon focus - where witnesses are too focused on the weapon to look at the criminal
Who conducted research into Anxiety and found a positive effect?
Yuille and Cutshall
How did Yuille and Cutshall conduct their research?
They interviewed real witnesses of a crime 5 months after the incident and compared their findings with the initial police reports
What were Yuille and Cutshall’s findings?
Those that reported high levels of stress had the most accuracy when recalling the event
However all ppts were able to remember really well - there was only about a 10% difference between those with high stress and those with low stress
What is the Yerkes Dodson Law?
The view that there is an optimum level of anxiety that can increase the accuracy of recall - if its too low/high accuracy will be affected
