Evolutionary Processes - Chp. 23 Flashcards
What are the 5 Assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg Principle?
- Random mating
- No mutation
- No natural selection
- No genetic drift
- No gene flow
What are the 4 Evolutionary Processes?
- Natural Selection
- Genetic Drift
- Gene Flow
- Mutation
T or F? Inbreeding DOES directly cause Evolution?
No, but inbreeding can speed evolutionary change by causing faster elimination of deleterious alleles.
Sexual Selection
A form of nonrandom mating that DOES lead to change in allele frequencies in a population.
Ecological Selection
A type of Natural Selection which favors traits with an enhanced ability to survive in a specific environment.
What are the 4 patterns of Natural Selection?
- Directional Selection
- Stabilizing Selection
- Disruptive Selection
- Balancing Selection
Explain Directional Selection.
- Favors one extreme phenotype
- normally reduces genetic variation
Explain Stabilizing Selection.
- Reduces both extremes and favors an average value
- Reduces genetic variation
Explain Disruptive Selection
- Opposite to Stabilizing
- Eliminates phenotypes near average and favors extremes
- INCREASES variation
*bonus: can play a role in speciation
Explain Balancing Selection
- no phenotype has a distinct advantage
- 2 common types: heterozygote & frequency-dependent selection (favored alleles are rare)
Intersexual Selection
Between 2 different sexes
Intrasexual Selection
Between 1 sex
T or F? Natural Selection is the only Evolutionary Process to result in adaption?
True!
Sampling Error
The sample alleles are in different frequencies from the total population.
Explain “Founder Effect” and “Bottleneck”
Founder = new population splits off
Bottleneck = Sudden reduction in size
