Evolution by Natural Selection - Chp. 22

Question 1

Population Thinking

Answer 1

The belief that individual variation is key to understanding the nature of species. (Opposite to typological thinking)

Question 2

Transitional Features

Answer 2

Features/traits in older and younger species

Question 3

Vestigial Traits

Answer 3

Incompletely developed structures which have no/or limited function.

Question 4

Homology

Answer 4

Similarities between different species due to shared ancestry.

Question 5

Speciation

Answer 5

When a new species forms

Question 6

Natural Selection

Answer 6

The process by which individuals with certain traits produce more children, leading to change in genetic makeup of populations.

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

Particular versions of genes

Question 8

Fitness

Answer 8

Ability to produce

Question 9

Adaption

Answer 9

Trait which increases the fitness of an individual

Question 10

Selection

Answer 10

Passive not purposeful

Question 11

Genetic Correlation

Answer 11

Traits can be correlated

Question 12

5 Evidences for Evolution

Answer 12

1. Fossil Record
2. Extinction
3. Transitional Features
4. Vestigial Traits
5. Species Change Today

Question 13

3 Evidences for Common Ancestry

Answer 13

1. Similar species in geographical areas
2. Species share homologies
3. New species forming from current species

Question 14

Darwin’s 4 Postulates

Answer 14

1. Variation exists among individual organisms in a population
2. Some traits are heritable
3. Survival and Reproductive success are variable
4. The subset of individuals which survive best is not a random sample.

Question 15

Extant

Answer 15

Surviving

Question 16

Acclimatization

Answer 16

An adaption to a change in an environment outside a lab

Question 17

Phylogeny

Answer 17

The study of evolutionary history