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genetics semester 1 > evolutionary genetics > Flashcards

evolutionary genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

RNA functions

A

structure
template
genetic info carrier/store
biocatalyst
recognition
scaffolding

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2
Q

2’OH on RNA properties

A

unstable
increases chemical flexibility
nucleophile

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3
Q

hammerhead ribozyme

A

RNA motif catalyzing reversible cleavage and ligation reactions at specific site within RNA molecule

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4
Q

tetrahymena

A

unicellular, cilliated protozoan
common/ short generation time/ easily grown

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5
Q

tetrahymena RNA

A

group 1 intron is self-splicing, requiring exogenous guanosine nucleotide

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6
Q

hammerhead ribozyme targets

A

mRNA coding virus receptors
viral RNAs
separates strands into single lengths

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7
Q

how do virusoids replicate

A

rolling circle mechanism

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8
Q

steps in SELEX

A

binding
wash
elution
amplification

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9
Q

SELEX

A

system evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment
allowed identification of aptamers specifically against cell types

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10
Q

aptamers

A

molecules that bind to specific targets

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11
Q

what are aptamers used in

A

biosensors
drug-targeting agents
gene regulation

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12
Q

pro ‘RNA-world’

A

RNA functs for info storage and catalysis
simpler as single molecule replicating
continuity
molecular fossils of NAD and ATP

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13
Q

disadvantages of Miller-Urey experiment

A

done in reducing environment
borosilicate flask likely contributed to organic material

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14
Q

SSU RNA

A

Small sub-unit ribosomal RNA
scaffolding upon which ribosome is based

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15
Q

complex chronometer

A

conserved protein/ nucleic acid with a constant mutation rate acting as a phylogenetic marker

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16
Q

universal 3 domains
which share common ancestor

A

archaea
eukarya
bacteria
archaea and eukarya share common ancestor

17
Q

outgroup

A

species not a member of group to be rooted

18
Q

eocyte tree

A

eukaryotes originating from within archaea

19
Q

2 theories for modern human origins

A

multiregional
out of africa

20
Q

multiregional model

A

homo sapien populations arose independently in different parts of world to isolated homo erectus species

21
Q

out of africa hypothesis

A

homo sapiens emerged from Africa, displacing homo erectus populations they encountered
modern humans displaced neanderthals they encountered with no interbreeding

22
Q

how do we test theories on modern human origins?

A

genetic drift tracking
comparison of mitochondrial DNA
phylogenetic tree from RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms)
SNP identification between 2 humans

genetics semester 1 (6 decks)

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