Evolutionary Biology Lec 2

Question 1

Who is the first to developed the evolutionary thoughts with his hypothesis?

Answer 1

Anaximander of Miletus

Question 2

Where did the 1st animal live?

Answer 2

Water (Cambrian Sea)

Question 3

It is the longest wet phase of the earth

Answer 3

Carnian Pluvial Episode

Question 4

What is the Carnian Pluvial Episode?

Answer 4

Heavy rains happened during the late Triassic Period for 200 M years

Question 5

What is the 1st amphibian ancestor?

Answer 5

Tiktaalik

Question 6

True or False: The first ancestor of man was born in water and only spent part of their lives on land

Answer 6

True

Question 7

The 1st modern day human must has been the child of different type of animal like

Answer 7

Fish ancestors which are vertebrates

Question 8

He proposed that organisms change and aggregation of elements

Answer 8

Empedocles

Question 9

Who believed that birth and death are mingling separation of elements which cause the countless tribes of mortal things

Answer 9

Empedocles

Question 10

What is the Nutrient Cycle?

Answer 10

Materials and molecules are deposited back to the nutrient pool

Question 11

He believed that present-day species originated from disjointed parts of primitive organisms

Answer 11

Empedocles

Question 12

What is the example of Empedocles’ theory?

Answer 12

Okapi (looks like a zebra and deer but actually a giraffe

Question 13

He stated the nature is a continuum of organization

Answer 13

Aristotle

Question 14

He classified all living thins hierarchically called scala naturae

Answer 14

Aristotle

Question 15

What is the highest or perfect organisms based on Aristotle’s Scala Naturae?

Answer 15

Humans

Question 16

He is a Taoist who said that organisms are not constant with the idea of adaptation

Answer 16

Zhuang Zhou

Question 17

What are the two evolutionary thoughts during the renaissance period?

Answer 17

Spontaneous Generation and Creationism

Question 18

It states that living organisms arise from nonliving matter and that such process was regular in nature

Answer 18

Spontaneous Generation

Question 19

What are the 3 school of thoughts during Industrial revolution to Science of evolution?

Answer 19

Paleontology, Biogeography, anatomy

Question 20

Who explored Asia, Oceana, Africa and America

Answer 20

Europeans

Question 21

What does the patterns between similar species despite being separated in different continents means?

Answer 21

Continents were once joined in a supercontinent called, Pangea (Biogeoraphy)

Question 22

Who observed analogous or comparative structures in organisms?

Answer 22

Wallace

Question 23

What is the evidence of Comparative Morphology?

Answer 23

Vestigial Structures

Question 24

These are non-functioning structures in an organisms

Answer 24

Vestigial Structures

Question 25

Give examples of Vestigial Structures

Answer 25

Coccyx, body hair, tonsils, wisdom teeth, nipples in man, nictating membrane remnants (3rd eyelids), ear muscles, Darwin’s point on the ear, appendix, arrector pili

Question 26

What does the identical rock layers in different continents means?

Answer 26

Pangea (Geology)

Question 27

What can be found at the deeper rock layers?

Answer 27

Simple marine ancestors

Question 28

What can be found at the middle-upper layers?

Answer 28

Similar but more complex organisms that resembles modern species

Question 29

He discovered the primordial soup, and organisms are coacervates

Answer 29

Alexander Oparin

Question 30

Who proposed the RNA world?

Answer 30

Walter Gilbert

Question 31

He proposes the theory of Catastrophism during the 1800s

Answer 31

George Cuvier

Question 32

He discovered that vestigial structures as proof that organisms are evolving

Answer 32

Robert Wiedersheim

Question 33

He said that changes on earth are due to abrupt geographic forces as influenced by the belief that earth is 6000 yrs old

Answer 33

George Cuvier

Question 34

He discredited the theory of inheritance and acquired characteristics of Lamarck

Answer 34

George Cuvier

Question 35

Why did Cuvier believed in Catastrophism?

Answer 35

He saw seashells at the top of the mountains

Question 36

He said that species gradually improved over generations due to inherit drive towards perfection

Answer 36

John Baptiste Lamarck

Question 37

Stretching directed “fluida” to the necks of giraffs, which lengthened them permanently

Answer 37

John Baptiste Lamarck

Question 38

It is the theory that frequently used body parts develop or mutates for survival while disused disappear

Answer 38

Theory of use and disuse

Question 39

He proposed the Theory of Uniformity

Answer 39

Charles Lyell

Question 40

He believe that changes is gradual and repetitive

Answer 40

Charles Lyell

Question 41

Wrote the principles of geology

Answer 41

Charles Lyell

Question 42

Natural processes have more of an effect on earth than catastrophes

Answer 42

Charles Lyell

Question 43

What is the proof of Theory of Uniformity

Answer 43

Sedimentary Rocks Stratification

Question 44

A theory which states that humans reproduce beyond the capacity of the environment to sustain them (population grow exponentially while resources grow linearly)

Answer 44

Malthusian Theory

Question 45

Who propose malthusian theory?

Answer 45

Thomas Malthus

Question 46

What is the effect of manthusian theory?

Answer 46

Struggle for existence

Question 47

He independently discovered theory of evolution by results of his voyages. He also wrote letters to Darwin and Lyell about natural selection and patterns of geographic distribution

Answer 47

Alfred Wallace

Question 48

When was Wallace presented the theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 48

1858

Question 49

HMS Beagle Journey

Answer 49

Charles Darwin

Question 50

Length of exploration in the coastline of South America about Galapagos

Answer 50

5 years