Evolutionary Biology LEC 1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of Evolutionary Processes such as natural selection, common descent and speciation, that produced the diversity of life on earth

A

Evolutionary Biology

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2
Q

What is one of the fundamental keystone of modern biological theory?

A

Evolution

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3
Q

True or false: Any life form is a product of evolution

A

True

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4
Q

Living things are products of…

A

Genes and physiology

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5
Q

What are the 4 questions in EvoBio?

A

What did we come froms?
How did we come to be?
Who/What are we?
Where are we heading?

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6
Q

He is Greek who proposed that organisms changes overtime. He also proposed the Cosmogenic theory

A

Empedocles

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7
Q

What is Cosmogenic Theory?

A

A theory that proposed that organisms are product of 4 elements suitably compounded and are represented by 4 gods and goddesses namely, Earth (Aidoneus), Fire (Zeus), Water (Nestus), and Air (Hera)

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8
Q

Who formulated Evolution as Branch of Biology?

A

Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace

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9
Q

He wrote the Origin of Species and Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection

A

Charles Darwin

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10
Q

He proposed the Theory of Speciation and Aposematism (Warning Coloration)

A

Alfred Wallace

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11
Q

It is the process by which organisms change overtime as a result of changes in heritable physical/ units of behavioral traits.

A

Evolution

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12
Q

What are the 3 propositions of Darwin?

A

Species are immutable
Divergent Species share a common descent/ ancestor
Changes in species can be explained by natural selection

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13
Q

He was the first who described that living things have common ancestor and related

A

Erasmus Darwin

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14
Q

He proposed that all vertebrates have common ancestor

A

Moportui

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15
Q

What is LUCA?

A

Last Universal Common Ancestor

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16
Q

What are the fields in science that substantiated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

A

Paleontology, geology, genetics, biochemistry, and developmental biology

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17
Q

What are the 4 Main points of the Theory of Evolution?

A

Common descent
Theory of Gradualism
Multiplication of Species
Natural Selection

18
Q

It states that all life forms are related by descent from common ancestors. Organisms accumulate changes and grew different from each other

A

Common Descent

19
Q

It is a process by which ancestral species produce descendant species with new adaptable traits

A

Speciation

20
Q

What are the proofs of Common Descent?

A

Homologous and Analogous Features

21
Q

It is having similar origin and comparable structures but different use

A

Homology (Homologous Structures)

22
Q

Similar evolutionary traits are produced due to similar environmental features (Ex: Cactaceae of America and Euphorbiaceae of Africa)

A

Analogy (Analogous Structures)

23
Q

What are the two modes of Speciation?

A

Allopatric and Sympatric

24
Q

Speciation occurs in what type of evolution?

A

Microevolution

25
Q

What is macroevolution?

A

Tackles problems and principles of higher taxa (subgenus and above)

26
Q

What is microevolution?

A

Focuses on problems related to species

27
Q

How does species came from?

A

When a group of individuals became isolated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits

28
Q

It is a type of speciation by which the population is separated geographically. (Ex: Finches of Galapagos Islands)

A

Allopatric

29
Q

What causes of Allopatric Speciation?

A

Geographical Separation, Natural Selection and Genetic Drift

30
Q

What are the two types of Genetic Drift?

A

Founder effect and Bottleneck effect

31
Q

What is Sympatric Speciation?

A

Gene pool is divided without geographical separation

32
Q

What are types of isolating mechanism?

A

Temporal, Behavioral, Geographical, Mechanical

33
Q

Type of isolation mechanism by mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or time of the day

A

Temporal Isolation

34
Q

An isolation mechanism in which there is little or no sexual attraction between males and females (Ex: different courtship displays; songs, dances)

A

Behavioral Isolation

35
Q

Isolation occurs due to different habitat, distance, body of water, mountain and natural disaster (Ex: Thamnophis)

A

Spatial or Geographic Isolation

36
Q

Structural differences in genetalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer

A

Mechanical Isolation

37
Q

What are post-mating isolation?

A

Isolation that prevents species from reproducing

38
Q

Give the types of Post-mating Isolations

A

Zygotic mortality
Hybrid unviability
Hybrid sterility

39
Q

It is the theory which states that new species arise with slow and gradual changes in the population. An these accumulation of quantitative changes leads to qualitative changes

A

Theory of Graadualism

40
Q

It is when various reproductive barriers (due to accumulated changes) prevent different members of the population to interbreed.

One species aries, many new daugther species aries.

A

Multiplication of Species

41
Q

Survival of the fittest

A

Natural Selection

42
Q

What are the causes of Reproductive Isolation?

A

Temporal, Behavioral and Geographical