Evolutionary Biology LEC 1 Flashcards
It is the study of Evolutionary Processes such as natural selection, common descent and speciation, that produced the diversity of life on earth
Evolutionary Biology
What is one of the fundamental keystone of modern biological theory?
Evolution
True or false: Any life form is a product of evolution
True
Living things are products of…
Genes and physiology
What are the 4 questions in EvoBio?
What did we come froms?
How did we come to be?
Who/What are we?
Where are we heading?
He is Greek who proposed that organisms changes overtime. He also proposed the Cosmogenic theory
Empedocles
What is Cosmogenic Theory?
A theory that proposed that organisms are product of 4 elements suitably compounded and are represented by 4 gods and goddesses namely, Earth (Aidoneus), Fire (Zeus), Water (Nestus), and Air (Hera)
Who formulated Evolution as Branch of Biology?
Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace
He wrote the Origin of Species and Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection
Charles Darwin
He proposed the Theory of Speciation and Aposematism (Warning Coloration)
Alfred Wallace
It is the process by which organisms change overtime as a result of changes in heritable physical/ units of behavioral traits.
Evolution
What are the 3 propositions of Darwin?
Species are immutable
Divergent Species share a common descent/ ancestor
Changes in species can be explained by natural selection
He was the first who described that living things have common ancestor and related
Erasmus Darwin
He proposed that all vertebrates have common ancestor
Moportui
What is LUCA?
Last Universal Common Ancestor
What are the fields in science that substantiated the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?
Paleontology, geology, genetics, biochemistry, and developmental biology
What are the 4 Main points of the Theory of Evolution?
Common descent
Theory of Gradualism
Multiplication of Species
Natural Selection
It states that all life forms are related by descent from common ancestors. Organisms accumulate changes and grew different from each other
Common Descent
It is a process by which ancestral species produce descendant species with new adaptable traits
Speciation
What are the proofs of Common Descent?
Homologous and Analogous Features
It is having similar origin and comparable structures but different use
Homology (Homologous Structures)
Similar evolutionary traits are produced due to similar environmental features (Ex: Cactaceae of America and Euphorbiaceae of Africa)
Analogy (Analogous Structures)
What are the two modes of Speciation?
Allopatric and Sympatric
Speciation occurs in what type of evolution?
Microevolution
What is macroevolution?
Tackles problems and principles of higher taxa (subgenus and above)
What is microevolution?
Focuses on problems related to species
How does species came from?
When a group of individuals became isolated from the rest of its species long enough to evolve different traits
It is a type of speciation by which the population is separated geographically. (Ex: Finches of Galapagos Islands)
Allopatric
What causes of Allopatric Speciation?
Geographical Separation, Natural Selection and Genetic Drift
What are the two types of Genetic Drift?
Founder effect and Bottleneck effect
What is Sympatric Speciation?
Gene pool is divided without geographical separation
What are types of isolating mechanism?
Temporal, Behavioral, Geographical, Mechanical
Type of isolation mechanism by mating or flowering occurs at different seasons or time of the day
Temporal Isolation
An isolation mechanism in which there is little or no sexual attraction between males and females (Ex: different courtship displays; songs, dances)
Behavioral Isolation
Isolation occurs due to different habitat, distance, body of water, mountain and natural disaster (Ex: Thamnophis)
Spatial or Geographic Isolation
Structural differences in genetalia or flowers prevent copulation or pollen transfer
Mechanical Isolation
What are post-mating isolation?
Isolation that prevents species from reproducing
Give the types of Post-mating Isolations
Zygotic mortality
Hybrid unviability
Hybrid sterility
It is the theory which states that new species arise with slow and gradual changes in the population. An these accumulation of quantitative changes leads to qualitative changes
Theory of Graadualism
It is when various reproductive barriers (due to accumulated changes) prevent different members of the population to interbreed.
One species aries, many new daugther species aries.
Multiplication of Species
Survival of the fittest
Natural Selection
What are the causes of Reproductive Isolation?
Temporal, Behavioral and Geographical
