evolutionary approach

Question 1

What are the processes by which evolutionary
adaptation occurs?

Answer 1

• Natural Selection
  – Sexual Selection
  – Genetic Drift

Question 2

Hostile forces of nature

Answer 2

competition for resources / survival
pass your genes to offspring
diversity in a population
traits that are preferable more than other

Question 3

example of hostile forces of nature

Answer 3

diseases, parasites, predators, and extremes of weather

Question 4

mechanisms, result- ing from a long and repeated process of natural selection, are called

Answer 4

adaptations

for example fear of snakes and spider helped them survive poisonous bites

Question 5

Natural selection is

Answer 5

heritable traits that help organisms survive and reproduce become more common in a population over time.

Question 6

The environment of evolutionary adaptedness

Answer 6

the ancestral environment to which a species is adapted

Question 7

Limbic system

Answer 7

detects & interprets threatening stimuli

Those within “just right” range survive &
reproduce; others weeded out

Question 8

Those who had the preferable feature

Answer 8

were more likely to survive & reproduce; those lacking were less likely to survive & reproduce

Question 9

sexual selection

Answer 9

closing a mate based off of certain traits that are established as desirable

Question 10

intersexual competition

Answer 10

the person with the best traits will be selected

for example the bird with the best dance will get all the girls

Question 11

intra sexual competition

Answer 11

Members of same sex will compete for mating
access

for example: two male deer fighting each other for female

Question 12

Genetic drift:

Answer 12

Random changes in genetic make-up of population

Question 13

Founder effects

Answer 13

a small, unrepresentative portion of a population establishes a new colon

Question 14

Genetic bottleneck

Answer 14

when a population shrinks owing to some random catastrophe

example: tsunami, war, drought, pandemic

Question 15

Adaptations

Answer 15

Exist due to Natural/Sexual Selection because they
helped solve problems of survival or reproduction

Question 16

By-products

Answer 16

Do not solve adaptive problems and do not have
functional design

Question 17

Random effects

Answer 17

Effects produced by chance mutations, sudden shifts
in environment, etc.

Question 18

Young men are particularly prone to engage in
risky forms of aggression because

Answer 18

in evol. history, this is age when men begin intrasexual competition for access to mates

Question 19

According to evolutionary psychologists, aggression’s
function

Answer 19

• restore status
  – gain access to mates
  – deter poachers