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Biology 11 > evolution test > Flashcards

evolution test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the theory of evolution?

A

populations that evolve have a common ancestor

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2
Q

Natural selection

A

Organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring
ex white and black moths

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3
Q

what are the six different types of evidence for evolution

A

fossil record, molecular biology, comparative anatomy, embryology, Vestigial structures and biogeography

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4
Q

describe fossil record

A

looking at fossils and evidence in bones to see similar structures between related organisms to see progress of evolution

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5
Q

describe molecular biology

A

genes in an organism can be compared to determine how closely related there

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6
Q

describe comparative anatomy

A

same body parts of an organism are analyze for similarities

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7
Q

what is homologous structures

A

same parts are used for the same function and come from a common ancestor

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8
Q

what is analogous structures

A

parts used for the same function but come from a non-common ancestor

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9
Q

describe embryology

A

comparative anatomy where embryology of organisms are study before they hatch, can see structures that are lost from their mature

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10
Q

describe vestigial structures

A

structures in anatomy which are reduced or non-functional as they no longer contribute to fitness but provides evidence of the relationship between the species

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11
Q

describe biogeography

A

The study of the distribution of plants and animals in the process that determines the distribution

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12
Q

what is the difference between macro and micro evolution

A

macro evolution is major changes you see in a species that allow it to be defined as a different species from another and microevolution evolutionary change within a species over a short period.

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13
Q

what is speciation

A

populations can no longer interbreed with each other they become separated and reproductively isolated

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14
Q

allopatric speciation

A

physical barriers like rivers or mountains

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15
Q

sympatric speciation

A

temporal barriers like timing of flowering

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16
Q

what is mutation

A

mutations are caused by mistakes during replication of DNA

17
Q

what is genetic drift

A

Random change in frequency of a gene

18
Q

what causes genetic drift

A

natural disasters or organisms producing more offspring than others when no section against them

19
Q

what is gene flow

A

happens as individuals migrate between populations of a species to reproduce

20
Q

what is an example of gene flow

A

wolves migrating between packs

21
Q

what is bottleneck effect

A

drastic reduction in population size and many alleles are lost

22
Q

what is the founder effect

A

only a few individuals colonize a new environment Islands from the mainland population

23
Q

what is nonrandom meeting

A

happens when organisms select mates based on specific traits they possess

24
Q

what is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

p2 +2pq + q2 = 1

25
Q

what is convergent evolution

A

two species experience the same types of selection pressures in there environment and result in having similar characteristics do not share a common ancestor

26
Q

example of convergent evolution

A

predators will have similar characteristics like claws

27
Q

what is divergent evolution

A

two species come from a common ancestor but experience different selection pressures in same environment but develop different characteristics

28
Q

example of divergent evolution

A

dogs and wolves

29
Q

what is Coevolution

A

Two species act as selective pressures on each other in a environment and evolve together

30
Q

what is models of evolution

A

gradualism and punctuated equilibrium 

31
Q

what is gradualism evolution

A

small changes that happen slowly over time

32
Q

what is punctuated equilibrium

A

shorter periods of rapid changes for my long periods of stability

33
Q

what is selective breeding

A

choosing Organisms with particular characteristics to breed and produce offspring with more traits

34
Q

what does GMO‘s mean

A

genetically modified organism

35
Q

what is GMO’s

A

genetic material that has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

36
Q

what is gene therapy

A

Technology used in genetic research and is used to modify genes of humans

Biology 11 (6 decks)

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