evolution test Flashcards

1
Q

what is the theory of evolution?

A

populations that evolve have a common ancestor

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2
Q

Natural selection

A

Organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more offspring
ex white and black moths

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3
Q

what are the six different types of evidence for evolution

A

fossil record, molecular biology, comparative anatomy, embryology, Vestigial structures and biogeography

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4
Q

describe fossil record

A

looking at fossils and evidence in bones to see similar structures between related organisms to see progress of evolution

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5
Q

describe molecular biology

A

genes in an organism can be compared to determine how closely related there

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6
Q

describe comparative anatomy

A

same body parts of an organism are analyze for similarities

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7
Q

what is homologous structures

A

same parts are used for the same function and come from a common ancestor

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8
Q

what is analogous structures

A

parts used for the same function but come from a non-common ancestor

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9
Q

describe embryology

A

comparative anatomy where embryology of organisms are study before they hatch, can see structures that are lost from their mature

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10
Q

describe vestigial structures

A

structures in anatomy which are reduced or non-functional as they no longer contribute to fitness but provides evidence of the relationship between the species

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11
Q

describe biogeography

A

The study of the distribution of plants and animals in the process that determines the distribution

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12
Q

what is the difference between macro and micro evolution

A

macro evolution is major changes you see in a species that allow it to be defined as a different species from another and microevolution evolutionary change within a species over a short period.

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13
Q

what is speciation

A

populations can no longer interbreed with each other they become separated and reproductively isolated

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14
Q

allopatric speciation

A

physical barriers like rivers or mountains

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15
Q

sympatric speciation

A

temporal barriers like timing of flowering

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16
Q

what is mutation

A

mutations are caused by mistakes during replication of DNA

17
Q

what is genetic drift

A

Random change in frequency of a gene

18
Q

what causes genetic drift

A

natural disasters or organisms producing more offspring than others when no section against them

19
Q

what is gene flow

A

happens as individuals migrate between populations of a species to reproduce

20
Q

what is an example of gene flow

A

wolves migrating between packs

21
Q

what is bottleneck effect

A

drastic reduction in population size and many alleles are lost

22
Q

what is the founder effect

A

only a few individuals colonize a new environment Islands from the mainland population

23
Q

what is nonrandom meeting

A

happens when organisms select mates based on specific traits they possess

24
Q

what is the Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

A

p2 +2pq + q2 = 1

25
what is convergent evolution
two species experience the same types of selection pressures in there environment and result in having similar characteristics do not share a common ancestor
26
example of convergent evolution
predators will have similar characteristics like claws
27
what is divergent evolution
two species come from a common ancestor but experience different selection pressures in same environment but develop different characteristics
28
example of divergent evolution
dogs and wolves
29
what is Coevolution
Two species act as selective pressures on each other in a environment and evolve together
30
what is models of evolution
gradualism and punctuated equilibrium 
31
what is gradualism evolution
small changes that happen slowly over time
32
what is punctuated equilibrium
shorter periods of rapid changes for my long periods of stability
33
what is selective breeding
choosing Organisms with particular characteristics to breed and produce offspring with more traits
34
what does GMO‘s mean
genetically modified organism
35
what is GMO’s
genetic material that has been altered using genetic engineering techniques
36
what is gene therapy
Technology used in genetic research and is used to modify genes of humans