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Zoology > Evolution/Speciation > Flashcards

Evolution/Speciation Flashcards

0
Q

Phylogeny

A

A branching tree that gives all life evolutionary history

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1
Q

Perpetual change

A

The living world is not consistent, but is always changing

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2
Q

Common descent

A

All plants and animals have descended from some form into which life was first breathed

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3
Q

Species

A

a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding.

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4
Q

Early greek ideas

A

Recognized fossils of evidence for former life which was destroyed by some natural catastrophe
Ancient greeks failed to establish an evolutionary concept before the rise of christianity

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5
Q

Buffon beliefs

A

Stressed environmental influences on modifications of animal type, extended earths age 70k

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6
Q

Darwin & Wallace

A

First to establish evolution as a powerful scientific theory

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7
Q

Lamrack, acquired characteristics

A

French biologist
Organisms, by striving to meet demands of their environments, acquire adaptations and pass them by heredity to their offspring

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8
Q

Fossil formation

A

Sedimentary rock

Deposited in stratified layers

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9
Q

Relative vs. absolute aging

A

Relative age allows scientists to know whether something is older or younger than something else, while absolute age means that scientists know the exact number in years that have passed since the object was created

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10
Q

Variation

A

BIOLOGY

the occurrence of an organism in more than one distinct color or form.

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11
Q

Adaptation

A

a change or the process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment.

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12
Q

Heritability

A

the proportion of observed variation in a particular trait (as height) that can be attributed to inherited genetic factors in contrast to environmental ones

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13
Q

Overproduction

A

Having lots of babies in hopes that one will survive

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14
Q

Natural selection

A

Organism accumulates favorable characteristics over long periods of time

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15
Q

Darwin Observation #1

A

Organisms have great potential fertility

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16
Q

Darwin Observation #2

A

Natural populations normally remain constant in size, except for minor fluctuations

17
Q

Observation #3

A

Natural resources are limited

18
Q

Observation #4

A

All organisms show variation

19
Q

Observation #5

A

Variation is heritable

20
Q

Homology

A

Look the same, diff. Structures

21
Q

Analogous structures

A

Similar functions but not structures

22
Q

Ontogeny

A

Development of an organism through its entire life

23
Q

Embryology

A

Provides evidence of evolution

24
Q

Vestigal structures

A

they have lost their former function

25
Q

Intrasexual

A

Males compete

26
Q

Intersexual

A

Males try and attract females

27
Q

Investment in reproduction

A

Males: not that much they make sperm a lot
Females: A LOT

28
Q

Isolation

A

Can lead to speciation

29
Q

Geographic barriers

A

Physical barriers divide a population into two or more groups

30
Q

Speciation

A

Rise of two kr more species from an existing species

31
Q

Reproductive isolation

A

Members of same species can no longer PHYSICALLY mate with each other
Cannot produce offspring
Final step in becoming separate species

32
Q

Behavioral isolation

A

Differences in courtship or mating behaviors

33
Q

Temporal isolation

A

When timing prevents reproducing between population

34
Q

Evolutionary patterns

A

Convergent & divergent

35
Q

Convergent evolution

A

Evolution towards specific traits in unrelated species

36
Q

Divergent evolution

A

Evolution towards diff. Traits in closely related species

37
Q

Coevolutoon

A

Two or more species evolve together
Evolutionary paths become connected
Evolve in response to changes in each other
Beneficial or competitive relationships

38
Q

Mass extinction

A

Large numbers become extinct nearly simultaneously

39
Q

Adaptive radiation

A

Ancestral species diversifies into many descendent species

40
Q

Gradualism

A

Accumulations lf many small changes over long periods of time

41
Q

Punctuated equilibrium

A

the hypothesis that evolutionary development is marked by isolated episodes of rapid speciation between long periods of little or no change.

Zoology (6 decks)

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