Evolution Review Guide chapters 15 16 and 17

Question 1

The Father of Evolution

Answer 1

Charles Darwin

Question 2

The name of the Fitzory ship

Answer 2

Beagle

Question 3

Places where the ship stopped.

Answer 3

Glopicos islands, Au, Africa, S america British Illes

Question 4

Important people: Lyell

Answer 4

Wrote the principals of geology. Explains the processes occuring and how it shaped earths geological features over time.

Question 5

Hutton

Answer 5

Proposed earth was very old and changed over time. (hypothesized that the earth was billions of years old.)

Question 6

Malthus

Answer 6

Predicts that the human population will grow faster than the food and things needed to live will grow.

Question 7

laMark

Answer 7

Published ideas about inheritance of acquired traits. First to introduce a mechanism explaining how organisms change over time.

Question 8

Wallace

Answer 8

Writes to Darwin and speculates his findings of evolution and then Darwin quickly publishes his findings to be awarded the first to come up with the idea of evolution.

Question 9

Name of Charles Darwin’s Book

Answer 9

On The Origin Of Species

Question 10

Define and give an example of: Natural Selection

Answer 10

survival of the fittest: Finches with bigger beeks

Question 11

Artifificail selection

Answer 11

nature provided the variation and humans selected that variations that they found useful. Breeding dogs to have some traits is a example.

Question 12

Survival of the fittest.

Answer 12

Organisms that are fittest to survive in a given environment. Finches beak size in comparison to seeds.

Question 13

Adaptation

Answer 13

Inherited characteristic that increases an organisms chances for survival.

Question 14

Fitness

Answer 14

ability of an individual to survive and reproduced in a specific environment.

Question 15

Vestigial structures

Answer 15

Organ with little or no function.

Question 16

Homologous structures

Answer 16

Structures that develop from the same embryonic tissues, but have different mature forms.

Question 17

Embryology

Answer 17

The study of the embryo, which is an organism in its early stage of development.

Question 18

Mutation

Answer 18

Mistake in DNA replication.

Question 19

Single-gene trait

Answer 19

trait controlled by a single gene that has two alleles

Question 20

Polygenic trait

Answer 20

A trait controlled by two or more genes.

Question 21

What are the two main sources of variation?

Answer 21

Gene shuffle and mutations

Question 22

The number of phenotypes produced for a given trait depends on on:

Answer 22

how many genes control the trait.

Question 23

Distribution of phenotypes are usually expressed as these types of curves when graphed.

Answer 23

Bell

Question 24

Natural selection acts on:

Answer 24

polygenic traits.

Question 25

Define and give an example of: oldest era

Answer 25

Precambrian times

Question 26

Most recent era

Answer 26

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Question 27

Describe the work of Miller Urey. What was their question?

Answer 27

Simulating the early earth and seeing if atoms could arise from simple compounds.

Question 28

Define: Primordial soup

Answer 28

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Question 29

Microsphere

Answer 29

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Question 30

Proteinoid

Answer 30

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Question 31

Know dominate animals in the jurassic and Cretaceous period.

Answer 31

Jurrasic : dionosors

Cretacous: Reptiles

Question 32

When was the first major extinction?

Answer 32

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Question 33

What were the first organisms?

Answer 33

Bacteria

Question 34

First plants

Answer 34

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Question 35

Define and give an example: Adaptive radiation

Answer 35

Process by which a single species or small group of species or small group of species evolves into several different forms that live in different ways; rapid growth in the diversity of a group of organisms. (Ex.-

Question 36

coevolution

Answer 36

Process by which two species evolve in response to changes in each other.

Question 37

Punctuated equilibrium

Answer 37

Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change.

Question 38

Gradualism

Answer 38

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Question 39

Convergent evolution

Answer 39

Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments.

Question 40

Divergent evolution

Answer 40

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Question 41

Gene pool

Answer 41

Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population.