Evolution Pt.3 Flashcards
What are Archaebacteria?
Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus and live in extreme environments
Examples include thermal vents and salt lakes.
What is Eubacteria?
Single-celled organisms that have a nucleus and live in a wide variety of environments
An example is cyanobacteria.
What is the Kingdom Fungi known for?
Obtaining nutrients via decomposition; can be multicellular or unicellular
An example is mould.
What do organisms in the Kingdom Plantae do?
Photosynthesize to make food; most are sessile and multicellular
Examples include pine trees and grasses.
What is the primary characteristic of organisms in the Domain Eukarya?
They have complex and specialized cells
Examples include insects, birds, and humans.
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
A universal naming system devised by Carolus Linnaeus using Latin
It classifies organisms using a two-part name.
What are the levels of classification in biology?
Domain, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
This hierarchy helps in organizing and identifying organisms.
What is the Genus of the domestic dog?
Canis
The full classification includes: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Canidae.
Fill in the blank: The species name for the wolf is _______.
Canis lupus
Fill in the blank: The family name for dogs is _______.
Canidae
True or False: All organisms in the Kingdom Protista are unicellular.
False
Protista includes both unicellular and multicellular organisms.
What type of environments do Archaebacteria typically inhabit?
Extreme environments
Examples include thermal vents and salt lakes.
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that ingest food
Examples include many fungi and some protists.
What is the main feature of organisms in the Kingdom Animalia?
They are motile and complex with specialized cells
Examples include mammals, birds, and insects.
Fill in the blank: The Kingdom that includes cyanobacteria is called _______.
Eubacteria
What distinguishes the Kingdom Fungi from other kingdoms?
They obtain nutrients via decomposition
They can be unicellular or multicellular.
What is the classification of an organism broken into?
Domain, Kingdom, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
This systematic approach aids in biological categorization.
True or False: All members of the Domain Archaea are multicellular.
False
Archaea are primarily unicellular organisms.
What is a prescribed fire?
A controlled fire set intentionally to manage forest growth and health
Prescribed fires can help reduce fuel load and promote the growth of certain species.
What implications do roads and human communities have on the pattern of natural forest fires?
They can alter fire behavior, create barriers, and increase the risk of human-caused fires
Human infrastructure can disrupt natural fire regimes.
What kinds of species benefit from prescribed forest fires?
Species that thrive in fire-adapted ecosystems, such as certain plants and animals
Some species require fire for regeneration or habitat maintenance.
What happens if a forest is protected from fires for many years?
It can lead to an accumulation of fuel, increasing the risk of severe wildfires
This can disrupt natural ecosystems and biodiversity.
Why do scientists classify organisms?
To organize the nearly 2 million kinds of organisms on Earth for easier study
Classification helps in understanding relationships and characteristics.
What was Aristotle’s early classification system based on?
Two groups: Plantae and Animalia, based on size and habitat for animals and stem types for plants
This system was limited and did not account for many organisms.
What are the six kingdoms of life identified by scientists?
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
- Protista
- Fungi
- Plantae
- Animalia
These kingdoms represent a broad classification of life forms.
What are the three major domains of life?
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukarya
This classification reflects fundamental differences in cellular structure and genetics.
What is a prokaryote?
An organism without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles
Prokaryotes are primarily represented by Bacteria and Archaea.
What is a eukaryote?
An organism with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Eukaryotes include all plants, animals, fungi, and protists.
What are halophiles?
Organisms that thrive in high salt concentrations
Halophiles are a type of Archaea.
What are thermophiles?
Organisms that thrive in high-temperature environments
Thermophiles are also classified within Archaea.
What is the Biosphere?
All ecosystems in the world and their interactions.
Define an Ecosystem.
A community of living organisms and their interactions with their environment.
What are some examples of Ecosystems?
Forests, deserts, wetlands, oceans.
What is the Environment?
Everything that affects an organism and everything that organism affects.
What are the two components of the Environment?
- Biotic - living components
- Abiotic - nonliving components
Who are Ecologists?
Scientists who study the interactions of organisms with one another and their environment.
Define Species.
Populations of organisms that are able to breed and produce fertile offspring.
What is a Population?
A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time.
Define Community.
All individuals in all populations in a given area and time.
How can communities differ?
In the number of species present.
Identify the type: Wild horses.
Species.
Identify the type: Wild horses in Jasper National Park in 2013.
Population.
Identify the type: Wild horses and cougars in Jasper National Park in 2013.
Community.
Identify the type: The Albertan Rocky Mountain and Foothills ecosystem in 2013.
Ecosystem.
Identify the type: Grizzly bears and brown bears in Banff National Park.
Community.
Identify the type: All birds in Kananaskis Country from January 2000 to December 2010.
Community.
Identify the type: Toucans birds in the Amazon Basin during the 2012 wet season.
Population.
How do most communities respond to environmental changes?
They change according to abiotic conditions.
What effect does the population fluctuation of one species have?
It will affect population levels of other species within the same community.
True or False: Abiotic disturbances are always harmful.
False.
Give an example of a beneficial abiotic disturbance.
Forest fire creates new, open habitat for species to re-establish.
