Energy Transfer In Biosphere Flashcards
What is albedo?
Albedo is the measure of the reflectivity of a surface, expressed as a fraction of the incident light that is reflected.
True or False: A high albedo means a surface reflects a large portion of incoming light.
True
What is biomagnification?
Biomagnification is the process by which the concentration of toxic substances increases in organisms at each successive trophic level of a food chain.
Fill in the blank: In biomagnification, toxic substances become more concentrated as they move up the ________ levels.
trophic
What distinguishes a closed system from an open system?
A closed system exchanges energy but not matter with its surroundings, while an open system exchanges both energy and matter.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of a closed system? A) A sealed jar of gas B) A lake C) A forest
A) A sealed jar of gas
What is chemosynthesis?
Chemosynthesis is the process by which certain organisms convert inorganic compounds into organic matter using chemical energy, typically in the absence of sunlight.
True or False: Chemosynthesis occurs only in plants.
False
What is the primary source of energy for chemosynthetic organisms?
The primary source of energy for chemosynthetic organisms is chemical reactions involving inorganic compounds.
Fill in the blank: The levels of a food chain are known as ________ levels.
trophic
Multiple Choice: Which trophic level typically has the most energy? A) Primary producers B) Primary consumers C) Secondary consumers
A) Primary producers
What role do primary producers play in an ecosystem?
Primary producers convert solar energy or chemical energy into biomass through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
True or False: Secondary consumers primarily feed on primary producers.
False
What is the effect of biomagnification on apex predators?
Apex predators often have the highest concentrations of toxic substances due to biomagnification as they consume multiple lower trophic level organisms.
Fill in the blank: The albedo effect can influence ________ change.
climate
What is an example of an organism that performs chemosynthesis?
Certain bacteria and archaea, such as those found in hydrothermal vents.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes an open system? A) A forest B) A closed jar C) A vacuum
A) A forest
What is the relationship between trophic levels and energy transfer?
Energy transfer between trophic levels is inefficient, with only about 10% of energy being passed from one level to the next.
True or False: Albedo affects local weather patterns.
True
What happens to energy as it moves up trophic levels?
Energy decreases as it moves up trophic levels due to loss through metabolic processes and heat.
Fill in the blank: The ________ level consists of organisms that consume primary producers.
primary consumer
What is the significance of studying albedo in climate science?
Studying albedo helps understand how different surfaces affect global temperatures and climate patterns.
Multiple Choice: Which of the following factors can influence albedo? A) Surface color B) Temperature C) Humidity
A) Surface color
What is the impact of pollutants on biomagnification?
Pollutants such as heavy metals and pesticides can accumulate in organisms and become more concentrated at higher trophic levels, posing health risks.
True or False: All ecosystems are open systems.
False
