Evolution Of Sport Flashcards
How did social class in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
Upper and lower classes.
Different classes had different sports and pastimes
How did gender in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
Society was male dominated. Sports were male dominated for this reason
How did Law and Order in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
There was no police.
This made sports often very cruel and violent
How did Education in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
Upper classes were literate and lower classes were illiterate. This meant lower class sports had unwritten rules and were very simple
How did time availability in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
For lower classes, free time was determined my seasons. Sports for the lower class were not played often, sometimes only annually
How did transport in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
Not much transport for lower class so sports were played very locally. Upper class has horse and carriage but not much else
How did money availability in Pre-industrial Britain effect sport?
Mob football could go from “rags to riches” Wagering was a thing, especially for upper class Lower class didn’t have much money though
How did social class effect sport in 19th century Britain?
Lower class were professionals as they needed money in order to cover their expenses for participating Amateurs were upper class who could afford to play sports without being payed. They sometimes put bets on professionals
How did gender effect sport in 19th century Britain?
Opportunities for women did improve but were still limited
Women could play sports such as lawn tennis but had to compete in a lady like fashion
How did law and order effect sport in 19th century Britain?
Rules in sports became more civil
It was no longer acceptable to destroy property
The end for blood sports, however fox hunting was still allowed by the upper class
How did education effect sport in 19th century Britain?
Education limited to upper and middle class Education acts (1870 & 1891) increased the opportunity for lower classes to receive education Increased literacy rate for all meaning more complex rules
How did time availability effect sport in 19th century Britain?
Still little free time for people as they worked in factories
Towards the end of the century, employers began to respect the benefit of allowing their workers to be physically active, meaning slightly more free time
How did transport effect sport in 19th century Britain?
Expansion of railways
Participants were able to travel to fixtures afield which lead to competitions
Spectators could now attend
Brainstorm information on public schools
They were boarding schools
Had a lot of time for sport could afford good equipment
Employed pro coaches
Encouraged teachers to support and coach house teams, as well as play
They held regular inter house completions and matches
Only boys allowed
Describe and explain the ‘cult of athleticism’
It was the craze for playing team games
Daily games were often compulsory. Everyone had to display effort and sportsmanship
This spread sports worldwide
What did Dr Thomas Arnold do?
He was the headmaster of Rugby School and he used sport as a way of improving behaviour of boys in public schools
Background on 20th century Britain
More free time lead to an increase in population
Huge urbanisation rates
Technology improved, allowing sports to be spread worldwide
The pub was the centre of sporting activity, especially due to increase in wages
How did social class effect sport in the 20th century?
Lower class could be professionals and amateurs Some sports had middle AND lower class players Increase in popularity to sporting events Upper class more likely to get involved in sports now due to less violent nature Professionals were still reserved for lower class
How did gender effect sport in the 20th century?
Still mainly men
Women were taking part in less sport due to it revolving around pubs
Perception of women changed during WW1 leading to an increase in participation of women
Women’s FA formed in 1969, although these were largely opportunities as amateurs
How did law and order (model course) effect sport in the 20th century?
1902 model course Military training for working class children taught as PE curriculum due to poor performance in the Bohr war It was aimed to improve fitness of the working class for military duties
How did law and order (in general) effect sport in the 20th century?
Continued to evolve, creating stricter and more a disciplined culture
Laws of sport were changed to uphold moral conduct of players
This increased participation in middle class people
For example, boxers now used gloves and weren’t allowed to kick or bite
The most barbaric sports were gone by now
How did education effect sport in the 20th century?
Sport as a form of education received widespread support due to the passing of the 1944 education act and the 1988 reform act
These acts lead to increased sporting provisions within schools.
What was the 1944 education act?
States that schools should educate student physically, morally and academically.
Physical education was now required
How did time and money effect sport in the 20th century?
Working conditions continued to improve throughout this period
Working week was now 5 days
Wages steadily increased
Greater opportunities due to these changes to take part in sport in their free time
