Evolution of Programming

Question 1

_______(5000 years
ago) – early calculation
tool.

Answer 1

Abacus

Question 2

1.______ by Blaise
2._____ –
mechanical calculator
for addition

Answer 2

1.Pascaline
2.Pascal-1642

Question 3

________ – capable of
multiplication

Answer 3

Leibniz’s Calculator
(1694)

Question 4

_______________ – first concepts of
programmable computers.

Answer 4

Charles Babbage’s Difference
Engine and Analytical Engine
(1822)

Question 5

__________ – first programmer, worked
with Babbage

Answer 5

Ada Lovelace (1840)

Question 6

__________________ – enabled data storage and
faster computation.

Answer 6

Herman Hollerith’s punch card system (1880s)

Question 7

A ______ represents text, computer
processor instructions, or any other data
using a two-symbol system.

Answer 7

binary code

Question 8

The two symbol system used is often____________ from the binary number system

Answer 8

“0” and “1”

Question 9

The binary code assigns a pattern of binary digits, also known as 1._____, to each 2._______, 3.________, etc.

Answer 9

1.bits
2.character
3.instruction

Question 10

__________ used for processing (e.g., ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, 1943- 1945)

Answer 10

Vacuum tubes

Question 11

ENIAC

Answer 11

Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer, 1943- 1945

Question 12

_____________replaced vacuum tubes,
increasing speed and reducing size.

Answer 12

Transistors

Question 13

_________ emerged,
improving programmability.

Answer 13

Assembly language

Question 14

_________________: In 1958, McCarthy invented Lisp, which became the foundation of AI programming.

Answer 14

Lisp Programming Language

Question 15

Lisp Programming Language: In 1958, _____ invented Lisp,
which became the foundation of AI programming.

Answer 15

McCarthy

Question 16

____________: Emphasize a sequence of statements that execute in order (e.g., C, Pascal)

Answer 16

Procedural Languages

Question 17

_____________: Focus on the
concept of objects that encapsulate data and behavior (e.g., C++ , Java

Answer 17

Object-Oriented Languages

Question 18

____________: Treat computation as the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoid changing state (e.g., Haskell, Scala).

Answer 18

Functional Languages

Question 19

_____________: Specify what the
program should accomplish rather than how to achieve it (e.g., SQL, HTML).

Answer 19

Declarative Languages

Question 20

____________: Used for automating
tasks; typically interpreted and allowing for quick development (e.g., Python, JavaScript).

Answer 20

Scripting Languages