Evolution Of Population Flashcards
The genetic make up of an individual
Genotype
What an individual does to obtain resources
Niche
A change in aller frequency due to migration of a small group of the population
Founder affect
The exchange of DNA sequences between non sister chromatids during meiosis 1
Crossing over
A trait controlled by two or more genes
Polygenic trait
The situation in which allele frequencies do not change
Genetic equilibrium
Two populations are separated by geographic barriers
Geographical isolation
A method of creating different genetic combinations during sexual reproduction
Gene shuffling
Individuals at the centre of the curve have highest fitness
Stabilizing selection
Random separation of homologous pairs of chromosomes during meiosis 1
Independent assortment
Individuals at one end of the spectrum have higher fitness than individuals at the middle of the end of the curve
Directional selection
Random in the relative change of different genotypes in a small population
Genetic drift
When members of two population ma cannot interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Reproductive isolation
The formation of a new distinct species in the course of evolution
Speciation
The traits that are seen in an organism
Phenotype
Requiring only one allele for a trait to be expressed in a heterozygous individual
Dominant
An Individual having two identical alleles for a given trait
Homozygote
Requiring two of the same alleles in order for a trait to be expressed in a homozygous individual
Recessive
Different species competing for the same resource
Ecological competition
The number of times that an allele appears in a gene pool
Relative frequency
Individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have highest fitness
Disruptive selection
Any change in genetic sequence
Mutation
The theory that states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless factors cause those frequencies to change
Hardy Weinberg principle
A trait that is controlled by only one gene
Single gene trait
When two populations are capable of interbreeding but have have different mating strategies or rituals
Behavioural isolation
Two or more species reproduce at different times
Temporal isolation
An individual having two different alleles for a given trait
Heterozygote
All of genes, including all of the different alleles, are present in a population
Gene pool
