evolution of organisms

Question 1

what is natural selection

Answer 1

nature favours individuals reproductive success in populations

Question 2

what is evolution

Answer 2

theory that describes changes in species over time and their shared ancestors

sf ( changes in genetics of species)

Question 3

what is a theory

Answer 3

explanatory model that accounts for a very large body of evidence

Question 4

what is step 1 of natural selection

Answer 4

there is variety in a population,

Question 5

what are the reasons there is variety in a population?

Answer 5

meiosis, crossing over, sexual reproduction, mutations

Question 6

what is step two of natural selection

Answer 6

more offspring are produced than can survive ( only best suited can survive)

Question 7

what is step 3 of natural selection

Answer 7

there is struggle for survival ( competition, diseases, natural disasters)

Question 8

what is the fourth step in natural selection

Answer 8

organisms that are the fittest survive, the unfit die and do not reproduce

Question 9

What is the fifth step in natural selection

Answer 9

The population changes over time, if isolated they may develop into different species

Question 10

What is the sixth step in natural selection

Answer 10

Natural changes in the environment cause changes in the way that organisms survive - change in behaviour lead to physical changes

Question 11

What does the term fitness mean

Answer 11

Suitability for survival in the environment

Question 12

What does the term success mean

Answer 12

Ongoing potential for survival.

Question 13

Adaptation

Answer 13

Physical feature of an organism that contributes to its survival

Question 14

Viability

Answer 14

Able to survive and have offspring

Question 15

What is a Genotype

Answer 15

Particular alleles represented in an individual for a trait (what it is)

Question 16

What is a phenotype

Answer 16

Physical conditions caused by the activity of genes ( what shows)

Question 17

What is a Genome

Answer 17

Genetic makeup of a species

Question 18

What is a gene pool

Answer 18

All the alleles of population together expressed as a fraction of the total of each gene type

Question 19

What is a Mutation

Answer 19

Change in the genetic code of an allele

Question 20

What are the types of mutations

Answer 20

Neutral mutations, harmful mutations, beneficial mutations

Question 21

What is speciation

Answer 21

The formation of new species

Question 22

What are species

Answer 22

All members of a population that can interbreed

Question 23

What is allopatric speciation

Answer 23

Formation of new species as results of evolutionary changes following geographic isolation

Question 24

What is Sympatric speciation

Answer 24

New species evolved from within large populations. Sudden or gradual

Question 25

What is reproductive isolating mechanism

Answer 25

Behavioural, structural or biochemical trait that prevents reproduction

Question 26

What is directional selection

Answer 26

Favours individuals with more EXTREME VARIATION of a trait (giraffe necks)

Question 27

What is stabilizing selection

Answer 27

Favours The AVERAGE PHENOTYPE within a population

Question 28

What is disruptive selection

Answer 28

Favours individuals with variations at OPPOSITE EXTREMES of a trait

Question 29

Sexual selection

Answer 29

Favouring a trait that specifically I handed mating excess

Question 30

What is artificial selection

Answer 30

Controlled captive breeding process (dogs)

Question 31

What is accidental selection

Answer 31

Human activity has introduced features disrupting the environment

Question 32

What is genetic drift

Answer 32

Changes to allele frequency as a result of chance

Question 33

What is genetic bottleneck effect

Answer 33

Dramatic reduction in population resulting in loss of genetic diversity

Question 34

What is the founder effect

Answer 34

Some separate from original population and make their own

Question 35

What is adaptive radiation

Answer 35

Rapid evolution a single species into many new species

Question 36

What is divergent evolution

Answer 36

Large scale evolution of a group into many different forms Competition between species is minimized Species continue to evolve until resources are used increase in biodiversity

Question 37

What is convergent evolution

Answer 37

Evolution of similar traits in distantly related species Sharks and dolphin

Question 38

What is coevolution

Answer 38

One species evolves in response to another species evolving

Question 39

What is the theory of gradualism

Answer 39

attributes large evolutionary changes in species to accumulation of many small and ongoing changes and processes

Question 40

What is the theory of punctuate equilibrium

Answer 40

Attributes the most evolutionary changes to relatively rapid spurts of change followed by long periods of little or no change

Question 41

What are fossils

Answer 41

Ancient remains impressions or traces of an organism