EVOLUTION OF NURSING Flashcards
Science is knowledge coming from the Latin word “_____”
scientia
System of acquiring knowledge based on the scientific method
Logical, systematic and coherent way to solve problems and answer questions
It is a collection of facts known in area and the process used to obtain knowledge
Science
Involves acquiring knowledge through critical observation, formation of hypothesis or informed guess and experimenting to see whether the results match the hypothesis.
Results that match the hypothesis become theories and theories that pass the test of time become scientific laws.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
Substantive, discipline-specific knowledge that focuses on the human-universe-health process articulated in the nursing frameworks and theories (Parse, 2016).
NURSING SCIENCE
Studies concepts that structure thought processes, foundations and presumptions.
It is an approach of thinking about the nature of people, the methods used to create a scientific knowledge and the ethics involved.
Gives meaning to phenomena through analysis, reasoning and logical arguments
PHILOSOPHY
to represent the nature of nursing– to understand it, to explain it, & to use it for the benefit of human kind
Goal of Nursing Science
A statement of foundational and universal assumptions, beliefs and principles about the nature of knowledge and thought and about the nature of entities presented in the metaparadigm (Reed, 1995); elief system or worldview of the profession and provides perspectives for practice, scholarship & research.
NURSING PHILOSOPHY
A belief/theory that reason rather than experience is the foundation of certainty in knowledge.
A philosophy that knowledge comes from logic and certain kind of intuition– when a person immediately know that something to be true without deduction “I am conscious”
Rationalist hold the best way to arrive at a certain knowledge & using the mind`s rational abilities.
RATIONALISM
A theory that the origin of all knowledge is derived from sense-experience.
It emphasize the role of experience and evidence especially the sensory perception in the formation of ideas and argues that the only knowledge humans can have is based on experience.
exempt the notion of “innate ideas” or the idea that the mind is born with knowledge & it`s not a “blank slate” at birth.
EMPIRICISM
Belief in innate ideas, reason & deduction
Reason is the main source of knowledge
Ideas are only acquired through innate ideas
Plato, Descartes, G.W. Leibniz, Noam & Chomsky
RATIONALISM
Belief in sense of perception, induction & there are no innate ideas
Sense perception is the main source of knowledge
Ideas are only acquired through experience
Locke, Berkeley & Hume
EMPIRICISM
the information is derived from logical and mathematical treatments and reports of sensory experience is the exclusive source of all authoritative knowledge
Positivism
They argue that to maintain the objectivity for science, data collection & analysis must be independent of a theory
Empiricist
When? Empiricist ague that to maintain the objectivity for science, data collection & analysis must be independent of a theory
Brown argues that the new epistemology challenged the empiricist view of perception by acknowledging that theories play a significant role in determining what the scientist will observe & how it will be interpreted.
20TH CENTURY
Study of the theory of knowledge questions:
1. What do we know?
2. What is the extent of our knowledge?
3. How do we decide whether we know?
4. What are the criteria of knowledge?
It is important to understand the way in which nursing knowledge develops to provide a context in which to judge the appropriateness of nursing knowledge & methods that nurses use to develop that knowledge.(Streubert & Carpenter, 2011)
EPISTEMOLOGY
