CLASSIFICATION OF THEORIES Flashcards
1st level of theory development
Describe, observe & name concepts, properties & dimensions
Identifies & describes the major concepts of phenomena but does not explain how or why the concepts are related
Are not action oriented, or attempt to produce or change a situation
DESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
TYPE OF DESCRIPTIVE THEORY: Also known as category-formulating or labeling theory
Theories under this category, describe the properties & dimensions of phenomena
Factor-Isolating Theory
TYPE OF DESCRIPTIVE THEORY: Describe & of explain the nature of relationships certain phenomena to other phenomena
Explanatory Theory
Situation-producing theories that prescribe activities necessary to reach defined goals
Addresses the nursing interventions of a specific phenomena, guide practice change & predicts consequences
Includes propositions that call for change
They should describe the prescription, consequences, type of client and the conditions
In nursing,_____ are used to anticipate the outcomes of nursing interventions
PRESCRIPTIVE THEORIES
Situation-relating theories which are achieved when the conditions under which concepts are related, stated and the relational statements are able to describe future outcomes.
Experimental research is used to generate and test them in most cases
PREDICTIVE THEORIES
A sets of empirical data or experiences that can be physically observed or tangible such as crying or grimacing face when in pain.
It is concerned with how the individual person reacts using the human senses concerning their surroundings
PHENOMENON
Used as a global term refer to the processes & methods used to create, modify or refine a theory
A complex, time-consuming process that covers a number of stages or phases from inception of concepts to testing of theoretical propositions through research.
THEORY DEVELOPMENT
STRATEGIES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Implies that theory development in nursing is based on theories developed by other disciplines which are used in nursing situations
e.g. Peplau`s Theory of Interpersonal Relations—
based on the Interpersonal Theory of Sullivan which she used in her practice in Psychiatric Nursing
THEORY –> PRACTICE –> THEORY
STRATEGIES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: Strategy are based & evolved in clinical practice
The development of a theory is done through actual observations and experiences in the clinical area of the theorist
PRACTICE –>THEORY
STRATEGIES OF THEORY DEVELOPMENT IN NURSING: The strategy was based on research findings which are done through observations of others like behavior
RESEARCH –> THEORY
Her work paved the way of modern nursing (written in the mid 19th century) reflected her beliefs, observations & practice of nursing
FLORENCE NIGHTINGALE
A Nursing Research journal was published, encouraging the nurses to pursue research, & developing questioning attitudes and inquiries that set the stage for conceptualization of nursing practice
1952
The writings on “Theory in a Practice Discipline” –
(Dickoff, James & Wiedenbach)
1968
the 1st conference was held on nursing theory
1969
Nursing as a basic science, an applied science, or a practical science
1990s
