Evolution of Biodiversity Flashcards

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1
Q

Evolution occurs when…

A

something genetically happens that is not random

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2
Q

Evolution per se

A

populations and species are not static (things change over time)

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3
Q

Gradualism

A

evolutionary changes occur in small steps and not leaps

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4
Q

Darwin’s 5 Contributions

A

Evolution, Gradualism, Population Level Changes, Natural Selection, Common Descent

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5
Q

Population Level Changes

A

all the changes we observe

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6
Q

Natural Selection

A

some traits create an advantage or disadvantage, so the advantageous traits increase in frequency over generations

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7
Q

Common Descent

A

all species related to each via ancestral relationships; splitting and divergence leads to speciation

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8
Q

Homology

A

different species have similar structures meaning they have a common ancestral origin

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9
Q

Anagensis

A

change within a lineage (species) over time

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10
Q

Cladogenesis

A

formation of 2 lineages (species) from 1

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11
Q

Allopatric Speciation

A

geographical isolation leads to split in ancestral species

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12
Q

Sympatric Speciation

A

split in ancestral species occurs despite lack of geographical isolation

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13
Q

Polyploidy

A

more than one set of chromosomes

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14
Q

Disruptive Selection

A

organisms with intermediate traits reproduce less, so the organisms with extreme traits reproduce more

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15
Q

Morphological Divergence

A

a lineage splits and the results have different anatomical features

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16
Q

Life History Divergence

A

diverge due to when and how they breed and how many offspring they have

17
Q

Physiological Divergence

A

diverge and create differences in how they deal with temperature, pH, oxygen, etc.

18
Q

Behavioral Divergence

A

diverge and create different behaviors

19
Q

Biological Species Concept

A

a population of organisms that can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring

20
Q

Reproductive Isolation

A

to be separate species, you can’t breed with each other

21
Q

pre-zygotic

A

prevent formation of zygote

22
Q

gametic

A

mating occurs but gametes incompatable

23
Q

post-zygotic

A

zygote forms, but isn’t viable or is infertile

24
Q

hybrid infertility

A

hybrids can’t reproduce

25
Q

hybrid inviability

A

zygote forms, but dies immediately or soon thereafter

26
Q

divergence

A

phenotypes of descendent species diverge from each other

27
Q

parallel

A

similar changes in 2 descendent lineages

28
Q

convergence

A

when 2 lineages converge towards common phenotypes