Exam 1 Answers

Question 1

Types of Diversity

Answer 1

species diversity, functional diversity, ecosystem diversity

Question 2

Which species concept focuses on the anatomical appearance of organisms?

Answer 2

morphological

Question 3

If species diversity is increasing, what is true?

Answer 3

speciation rate is higher than extinction rate

Question 4

During a mass extinction what is true?

Answer 4

S > E

Question 5

What kind of biodiversity would focus on the ecological roles performed by different species?

Answer 5

functional diversity

Question 6

From what group of organisms have biologists described the most number of species?

Answer 6

arthropods

Question 7

If given no other information, where would you expect to find the most species in a large group of organisms, like plants or flies or fishes?

Answer 7

tropics

Question 8

Cichlid fishes in the lakes of the African Rift Valley are an example of what?

Answer 8

high endemism

Question 9

Coral reefs are an example of what?

Answer 9

overlapping ranges

Question 10

What do nitrogen fixers do?

Answer 10

convert N2 into NH3+

Question 11

An organism that fixes carbon is doing what?

Answer 11

photosynthesizing

Question 12

A keystone species is a very abundant and common organism, usually an herbivore, that has very little effect on an ecosystem except to use other organisms as substrate.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

What tends to positively correlate with increasing species diversity?

Answer 13

redundancy, productivity, habitat diversity

Question 14

Contributions of Darwin to evolutionary biology

Answer 14

common descent, natural selection, population level change

Question 15

Embryological similarities among organisms is good evidence of what aspect of evolution?

Answer 15

common descent

Question 16

Disruptive selection and polyploidy are ways in which sympatric speciation can occur.

Answer 16

true

Question 17

What kind of reproductive isolation is established when mating rituals differ between species?

Answer 17

behavioral

Question 18

If members of two species mate in the wild but their offspring are never born, what kind of reproductive isolation is occurring?

Answer 18

hybrid inviability

Question 19

Filter Feeder

Answer 19

creates water currents and captures food particles from them

Question 20

Commensal

Answer 20

uses another organism as a substrate without feeding on it

Question 21

Primary producer

Answer 21

photosynthetic

Question 22

Herbivore

Answer 22

feeds on primary producers

Question 23

Omnivore

Answer 23

feeds on many different kinds of organisms

Question 24

Decomposer

Answer 24

remineralizes organic matter

Question 25

Parasitoid

Answer 25

kills its host organism as larvae develop in it

Question 26

4 ways species can diverge from each other

Answer 26

morphologically, physically, genetically, behaviorally

Question 27

Homologs

Answer 27

structures that have the same evolutionary origin

Question 28

Vestigial

Answer 28

a feature that is no longer functional but left over from an ancestor

Question 29

Anagenesis

Answer 29

evolutionary change within a single lineage or species

Question 30

Allopatric

Answer 30

type of speciation in which geographical isolation is required

Question 31

Divergence

Answer 31

evolution in which traits get increasingly different from each other