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BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM > Evolution & Natural Selection > Flashcards

Evolution & Natural Selection Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Evolution?

A

It is an on going process

Characteristics of the individuals that make up a population can change over time

We can observe such change in nature and can even cause such change to occur

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2
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

It is a mechanism of evolution

Consequences of certain individuals organisms in a population being born with characteristics that enable them to survive better ( reproduce more ) than others

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3
Q

Who evolves populations or individuals?

A

Evolution occurs when the allele frequencies in a population change over time.

Populations evolve, not individuals

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4
Q

What are the mechanisms of evolution?

A

Mutation

Genetic drift

Migration

Natural selection

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5
Q

What is the Evolutionary change: Mutation?

A

Mutation cases evolution when an alternation of the base- pair sequence in the DNA of an individuals gamete producing cells changes an alleles frequency

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6
Q

Mutations direct changes in the DNA of an individual….

A

It is the ultimate source of all genetic variation

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7
Q

What is Mutation?

A

An alternative of the base pair sequence in the DNA of an individuals gamete producing cells that changes an allele’s frequency

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8
Q

What is genetic drift ?

A

A random change in allele frequencies, unrelated to any allele’s influence on reproduction success

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9
Q

What is Migration?

A

A change in allele frequencies caused by individuals moving into or out of a population

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10
Q

What is Natural Selection?

A

A change in allele frequencies that occurs when individuals with one version of a heritable trait have greater reproductive success than individuals with a different version of the trait

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11
Q

What is genetic drift: Founder Effect?

A

Genetic drift occurs via the founder effect when the founding members of a new population have different allele frequencies than the original source population

ALLELE FREQUENCIES ARE UNRELATED TO REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS

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12
Q

What is genetic drift: Bottleneck effect?

A

Occasionally, famine or disease or rapid environmental change may cause the deaths of a large, random proportion of the individuals in a population.

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13
Q

Evolution by Natural Selection: A Summary

A

Natural selection causes evolution as individuals with one version of a heritable trait have greater reproductive success than individuals with a different version of the trait

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14
Q

What is the evolutionary change in natural selection ?

A
  1. Variation for a trait
  2. Heritability
  3. Differential Reproductive success
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15
Q

Natural selection a mechanisms for…

A

Evolution

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16
Q

What is a summary of variation for a trait?

A

Different versions of a trait are present within a population

17
Q

What is a summary for Heritability?

A

The different versions of a trait may be passed from parents to offspring

18
Q

What is a summary for Differential Reproductive Success?

A

Individuals with the version of a trait most suited to reproduction in their environment generally leave more offspring than individuals with other versions of the trait.

19
Q

Organisms in a population can become better matched to their environment through

A

Natural selection

20
Q

Natural selection can change the traits in a population in several ways.. Which are they?

A

Stabilizing selection

Directional Selection

Disruptive Selection

21
Q

What is directional selection?

A

Individuals with one extreme from the range of variation in the population have higher fitness

Ex: turkey Breast and there reproduction

22
Q

What is stabilizing Selection ?

A

The average value of a trait remains the same while extreme versions of the trait are selected against

Ex: average size baby’s

23
Q

What is Disruptive Selection?

A

Individuals with extreme phenotypes have the highest fitness

Ex: small and large coho salmon

24
Q

What is convergent Evolution?

A

Analogous structures that develop from different original structures

NOT ALL adaptations that appear similar actually share ancestors

25
Q

Is there evidence for evolution?

A

Yes through

Fossil records
Homologous structures
Comparative embryology
Geological Distribution of organisms

26
Q

NOTE

Molecule biology revels that common genetic sequences link all forms of life

A

All living organisms share the same genetic code

BIOLOGY FINAL EXAM (3 decks)

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