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BIO 202 > Evolution Chap 18 > Flashcards

Evolution Chap 18 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Formation of the Earth Precambrian Time

A

4.6 bya

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2
Q

First evidence of life

A

3.8 bya

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3
Q

First eukaryotic cells

A

1.8 bya

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4
Q

Cambrian Radiation of Animals – Paleozoic Era

A

540 mya

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5
Q

First dinosaurs Mesozoic Era

A

240 mya

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6
Q

extinction of the dinosaurs Cenozoic Era

A

65 mya

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7
Q

evolution of Homo sapiens

A

200,000 years ago

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8
Q

leclerc

A

posited evidence of evolution before Darwin

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9
Q

Linnaeus

A

physician and botanist that came up with binomial nomenclature

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10
Q

curvier

A

created paleontology and accepted fixity of species and an organisms extinction

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11
Q

Hutton and Lyell

A

prominent geologists and came up with the idea that rates of change vary

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12
Q

Malthus

A

wrote an essay on principle of population

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13
Q

Lamark

A

inheritance of acquired traits

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14
Q

Darwin

A

observed that the earth was older than thought and that with enough time, species would modify

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15
Q

Wallace

A

similar theory to Darwin

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16
Q

Darwins observations

A

geographic distribution of organisms can influence changes in animals

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17
Q

Lamark’s therory (inheritance of acquired traits)

A

giraffe’s lengthened necks and passed it onto subsequent generations

18
Q

Darwins theory

A

descent with modification (giraffe population was variable)

19
Q

basis of natural selection

A
  1. organisms exhibit heritable variation
  2. organisms compete for resources
  3. individuals vary w/ repro success
  4. organisms may adapt w/enviroment change
20
Q

how does competition affect natural selection

A

limited resources available so population increases as resources decline and individuals die

21
Q

how does fitness affect natural selection

A

more fit means they can spread more genes

22
Q

how is adaptation related to natural selection?

A

it is a result of natural selection

23
Q

what is a transitional species

A

shows traits between species, often the ‘missing link’

24
Q

homologous structures

A

anatomically similar structures that are inherited from a common ancestor

25
Q

analogus structures

A

anatomically similar structures that originated independently

26
Q

vestigial structures

A

important for anscestor and remain in derived species

27
Q

evolution is just a theory

A

false: it is a principle of biology

28
Q

individuals in a population evolve

A

false: evolution is a result from changes in genetic composition over generations

29
Q

evolution is a theory tied to origin of life

A

derived to explain how life changed once it was here

30
Q

transitional fossils remain unknown

A

false: well known to scientists because fossilization is rare

31
Q

organisms evolve on purpose

A

false: the adaptive trait already exists in a population, natural selection just acts

32
Q

random chance alone guides evolution

A

false: is only part of evolution of complex traits through time

33
Q

evolution is not testable

A

false: genetics and DNA technology has provided robust evidence

34
Q

humans evolved directly from apes

A

Homo sapiens share an ancestor with modern apes

35
Q

definition of biological species

A

a group of populations that are the same kind of organism that may naturally interbreed and produce viable offspring and do not interbreed with other kinds

36
Q

limitations of a biological species

A

limited to reproduction definition: does not apply to asexual reproducers and hybrids may routinely occur naturally

37
Q

allopatric speciation

A

geographic isolation leads to different species (two species from one)

38
Q

sympatric speciation

A

two new species result within the same area due to gene flow

39
Q

polyploidy

A

> 2 chromosome copies, more common in plants

40
Q

autopolyploid

A

cell division error, isolated from 2N plants, yields a new species

41
Q

allopolyploid

A

BIO 202 (4 decks)

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