bio lab evolution

Question 1

If the world’s history were compressed into one hour, what kind of life appeared during the first 50 minutes?

Answer 1

single-celled organisms

Question 2

Last 10 minutes?

Answer 2

animals

Question 3

Last 0.01 second?

Answer 3

humans

Question 4

How long ago did mammals first appear on Earth?

Answer 4

200 million years ago

Question 5

3 physical traits mammals have in common that relate to living on land?

Answer 5

1. reproduction; live birth
2. warm blooded
3. breathe air

Question 6

3 physical traits mammals have in common that relate to living on land?

Answer 6

1. reproduction; live birth
2. warm blooded
3. breathe air

Question 7

What type of animals did the Creodont skull that Dr. Gingrich discovered resemble?

Answer 7

wolf, where its walnut size bump was unusual

Question 8

Transitional Form

Answer 8

Fossils or organisms that show the intermediate states between an ancestral form and that of its descendants

Question 9

Whale Valley is an archeological site located in the Sahara Desert. How could there be whale skulls here?

Answer 9

This area used to be the sea. It was a protected bay away from sea.

Question 10

What Vestigial structure did the basilosaurus have that modern whales do not?

Answer 10

they had complete set of leg bones= 4 legged animal

Question 11

Theory of Transformation: Sinonyx (wolf-like) to the Whale?

Answer 11

It lived and hunted around sea were it used water as food source. Its front legs became fins and back legs+ furs disappeared = fish like

Question 12

How do fish swim?

Answer 12

flexing spine side to side

Question 13

How do otters, whales, and land mammals swim?

Answer 13

undulating spines up and down

Question 14

Tetrapods

Answer 14

4 limbed vertebrates

Question 15

Why did the paleontologist search for tetrapods fossils in Pennsylvania ? What unusual feature did they find at tetrapods limbs and what is this evidence of?

Answer 15

-Rocks+ hills right age
-Small shoulder bone
-earliest tetrapods rising from the water

Question 16

How do the bones of the early tetrapods fish resemble ours, like Acanthostega?

Answer 16

Hand=forelimb
Digit fingers= petal shaped hands

Question 17

Fish Adaptations

Answer 17

have elaborate defenses like shield- hard shell

Question 18

What advantage did the first limbs with digits provide?

Answer 18

way to get out of water w/o attracting predators

Question 19

Cambrain Explosion

Answer 19

fossils of all diversity and animals came out of no where

Question 20

Trilobites? What are there descendants?

Answer 20

Arthropods w/ external skeleton. Crabs, lobsters, insects, and spiders

Question 21

What makes the fossils of the Burgess Shale so important in studying evolution?

Answer 21

earliest animals of all creatures with skeletons

Question 22

The pikaia is the earliest ancestors of all vertebrate animals. Why?

Answer 22

has internal nerve cord resembling a spine

Question 23

How do all embryos start out?

Answer 23

cluster of almost identical cells

Question 24

A scientist, Dr. Bateman, was studying similar segmentation patterns of animals. What mutations did he observe that related to these segmentation patterns?

Answer 24

antlers, crab claws

Question 25

How do segmentation patterns relate to DNA

Answer 25

resembled segmented organization of genes in DNA (responsible for segmentation trait common in most animals)

Question 26

How could mutations be purposely caused with fruit flies?

Answer 26

adding poison and radiation to disrupt DNA structure

Question 27

What does antennapedia gene control ? What happens if it misfires?

Answer 27

controls growth of antenna on head and misfires= growth in thoracic area

Question 28

When the mouse “eyeless” gene was implanted into fruit flies, what happened? What implications does this have for study of evolution?

Answer 28

-fruit fly had no eyes
-mistakes can happen if genes are wrong

Question 29

3 Lemur Movements

Answer 29

1. Flexible spines to climb trees
2. Leaping in upright position
3. Walk on all 4 legs

Question 30

What primate is the closest living relative to humans ? Why?

Answer 30

Chimpanzee= same # of bones placed nearly same way + DNA nearly identical

Question 31

What type of movements do chimpanzees rely on that humans don’t?

Answer 31

walking on knuckles

Question 32

Humans: Spinal Column, Pelvis, Position of Knees

Answer 32

-based skull pointing downwards
-short+squat
-close together

Question 33

Chimpanzees: Spinal Column, Pelvis, Position of Knees

Answer 33

-back of skull
-long, narrow
-wide apart