Evolution Biology

Question 1

this theory states that the Earth has been shaped by sudden, often unpredicted, events that are short-lived but impactful. It proposes the idea that catastrophes are responsible for mass extinctions and other processes

Answer 1

Catastrophism by Georges Cuvier

Question 2

organisms alter their behavior in response to environmental change. Their changed behavior, in turn, modified their organs, and their offspring inherited those “improved” structures

Answer 2

Inheritance of Acquired Trait by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Question 3

descent with modification,” the idea that species change over time, give rise to new species, and share a common ancestor

Answer 3

evolution as define by Charles Robert Darwin

Question 4

causes populations to become adapted, or increasingly well-suited, to their environments over time. Natural selection depends on the environment and requires existing heritable variation in a group

Answer 4

Theory of Evolution as means of Natural Selection by Charles Darwin

Question 5

Father of Evolution

Answer 5

Charles Robert Darwin

Question 6

Darwin boarded this ship to spend his 5 year voyage in his scientific study to explain evolution

Answer 6

H.M.S Beagle (1831-1836)

Question 7

Four Basic Principles of Natural Selection

Answer 7

1. Variation2. Heritability3. Overpopulation/Overproduction4. Reproductive Advantage

Question 8

refers to the degree of adaptation of an individual to its environment which is passed onto future generations

Answer 8

fitness

Question 9

Mechanisms of Evolution

Answer 9

1. Natural Selection2. Genetic Drift3. Artificial Selection4. Mutation5. Migration6. Recombination

Question 10

Random change in the frequency of gene. In each generation, some individuals may, just by chance, leave behind a few more descendants than other individuals

Answer 10

genetic drift

Question 11

this mechanism usually predominates in large populations that results in evolution when individuals with higher survival and reproductive rates pass on these traits to their offspring

Answer 11

Natural Selection

Question 12

is a technique in which the intervention of humans allows only for selected organisms to breed and produce offspring

Answer 12

Artificial Selection

Question 13

A change in the DNA of an organism, a random event and it may be beneficial or harmful

Answer 13

mutation

Question 14

is the movement of populations, groups or individual species

Answer 14

migration

Question 15

the movement of genetic characteristics from one population to another

Answer 15

gene flow

Question 16

Exchange of segments between DNA molecules or chromosomes

Answer 16

recombination

Question 17

Evidences of Evolution

Answer 17

fossil record
types of fossils
anatomical comparison of organisms
embryonic development patterns
biogeography
molecular biology

Question 18

refers to largescale changes that occur over
extended time periods, such as the formation of new species and groups

Answer 18

macroevolution

Question 19

refers to small scale changes that affect just one or a few genes and happen in populations over shorter timescales

Answer 19

microevolution

Question 20

refers to the total collection of fossils discovered and studied by
paleontologists and
geologists

Answer 20

fossil record

Question 21

are the preserved remains, impressions, or traces of ancient organisms or their
activities found in rocks and sedimentary layers of the Earth’s crust

Answer 21

fossils

Question 22

These fossils form when organic materials are replaced by minerals,
turning them into stone

Answer 22

petrified fossils

Question 23

are formed when the
remains of an organism, such as a shell or bone, dissolve or decay, leaving an impression in the surrounding rock

Answer 23

mold fossils

Question 24

are created when a mold
is filled with minerals or sediments, creating a replica of the original
organism

Answer 24

cast fossils

Question 25

are indirect evidence of ancient life, including footprints, tracks, burrows, nests, and
coprolites (fossilized feces)

Answer 25

trace fossils

Question 26

fossilized tree resin that can trap small organisms, such as insects or plant parts

Answer 26

amber fossils

Question 27

are fossils of organisms
that lived for a limited geologic period and had a wide geographic distribution

Answer 27

index fossils

Question 28

are organisms that are
preserved entirely in their natural form

Answer 28

true form fossils

Question 29

are tiny fossils that
require a microscope to be seen

Answer 29

microfossils

Question 30

a structure if two or more species share a unique physical feature, such as a complex bone structure or a body plan, they
may all have inherited this
feature from a common
ancestor

Answer 30

homologous structure

Question 31

structures are common traits found in different
groups of species which are anatomically different, and serve the same function, but evolved
independently in the different groups of species

Answer 31

analogous structures

Question 32

structure is a biological structure that has lost a major ancestral function and is usually drastically
reduced in size

Answer 32

vestigial structure

Question 33

the study of the development of the anatomy of an organism to its adult form, provides
evidence for evolution as embryo formation in widely-divergent groups of organisms tends to be
conserved

Answer 33

embryology

Question 34

The spread and distribution of species of organisms in different
geographical positions across the planet

Answer 34

biogeography

Question 35

all living organisms shares the same:

Answer 35

• The same genetic material (DNA)
• The same, or highly similar, genetic codes
• The same basic process of gene expression (transcription and
  translation)
• The same molecular building blocks, such as amino acids