Evolution Basics

Question 1

What’s evolution

Answer 1

Descent with modification

1) macro
2) micro

Question 2

Macro evolution

3

Answer 2

• Large scale
• Decent diff species from common ancestor
• over long time

Question 3

Micro evolution

4

Answer 3

• Small scale
• changed alleles frequency pop over gen
• short time scale
• changed frequency heritable traits

Question 4

Vestigial structures

3

Answer 4

• Reduced/ no function
• sim functioning structures in closely related species
• evidence pop changed over time (over gen)

Question 5

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 5

Hypothesized evolutionary relationships

Question 6

Homology

Def and 3 types

Answer 6

• similarly between species result from inheritance from common ancestor

1) structural ( morphological)
2) developmental ( embryonic structure/process)
3) genetic ( gene structure / code)

Question 7

Analogous

2

Answer 7

• Sim form/function, no common ancestor

- sim strategies but diff genetic origins (convergent evolution)

Question 8

Natural selection

3

Answer 8

-allele f in pop change over time due diff survival/ reproduction of pop

• outcome increases advantages alleles in pop over time (directional)
• diff survival due diff phenotypes (not chance)

Question 9

What does natural selection need

3

Answer 9

• variation in trait in individual in pop
• trait heritable
• diff in reproductive success

Question 10

Genetic drift

4

Answer 10

• changes allele frequency by change
• random alleles survive
• not directional
• strong effect in small pop

Question 11

Gene flow

3

Answer 11

• movement alleles from one pop to another
• changed alleles f in new pop
• can introduce new alleles

Question 12

Mutation

5

Answer 12

• changed DNA
• raw material for evolution to take place
• new alleles/ phenotypes
• weak evolutionary force
• needs another mech to increase f of allele