Comunity Ecology Flashcards
How many types of community interactions ?
5
Amensalism?
-/0
Commensalism?
+\0
Mutualism?
+/+
Consumption (and 3 types )
+-
- predation
- herbivory
- parasitism
Competition ( and 2 types )
-/-
- intraspecific ( same species)
- interspecific (diff species )
Inter specific competition ( 2 ecological outcomes 1 each and 1 more)
1) stable coexistence
- much differentiation ( resource partition )
2) competition exclusion
- one species gone habitat
- depends level niche overlap
Fundamental niche
Full range resources can use / tolerate, no competition
Realized niche
3
Range resources with competition (smaller fundamental)
- NS favor less competition
- competition + time = niche differentiation
Evolutionary outcome niche partitioning
2
Character displacement: change species trait
- traits more divergent sympatric ( same area) then allopathic ( did area)
Competitive exclusion principle ( Gause law)
4
- complete niche overlap
- more similar organisms less likely live same place
- superior competitor wins ( asymmetric competition)
- weaker locally extinct
Ecological succession
Change species competition of community over time after a disturbance
Ecological disturbance
4
- disrupt community
- can be big or small scale
- changes distribution/ abundance biotic/ abiotic factors
- loss biomass
Primary ecological succession
2
- gradual colonization disturbance remove all soil,
- no organisms on surface
Secondary ecological succession
2
- gradual colonization disturbance leaves soil intact
- some/ all organisms gone
Ecological succession process
4
Pioneering species
Early successional community
Mid- successional community
Climax (late successional community)
If soil not present what first step in succession?
Get soil
Pioneering species step in ecological succession
7
- lichens dies detritus create soil
- mosses come trap water
- dead invertebrates create soil
- small grasses/ herbs roots break down soil, add soil nutrients
- harsh abiotic conditions
- little moisture, lots sun
- may never reach carrying capacity
Process mid- ecology succession
4
- support shrubs
- constant retain moisture
- food/ shelter animals
- shade plants
- pioneering species crowded out
Late ecological succession process
3
- more competition resources
- resources more abundant, competition more intense
- lots shade, plants can’t do shape weeded out
3 factors determine what species appear in ecological succession
1) species traits
2) species interactions
3) chance/ history
