Comunity Ecology

Question 1

How many types of community interactions ?

Answer 1

5

Question 2

Amensalism?

Answer 2

-/0

Question 3

Commensalism?

Answer 3

+\0

Question 4

Mutualism?

Answer 4

+/+

Question 5

Consumption (and 3 types )

Answer 5

+-

• predation
• herbivory
• parasitism

Question 6

Competition ( and 2 types )

Answer 6

-/-

• intraspecific ( same species)
• interspecific (diff species )

Question 7

Inter specific competition ( 2 ecological outcomes 1 each and 1 more)

Answer 7

1) stable coexistence
- much differentiation ( resource partition )

2) competition exclusion
- one species gone habitat

• depends level niche overlap

Question 8

Fundamental niche

Answer 8

Full range resources can use / tolerate, no competition

Question 9

Realized niche

3

Answer 9

Range resources with competition (smaller fundamental)

• NS favor less competition
• competition + time = niche differentiation

Question 10

Evolutionary outcome niche partitioning

2

Answer 10

Character displacement: change species trait

- traits more divergent sympatric ( same area) then allopathic ( did area)

Question 11

Competitive exclusion principle ( Gause law)

4

Answer 11

• complete niche overlap
• more similar organisms less likely live same place
• superior competitor wins ( asymmetric competition)
• weaker locally extinct

Question 12

Ecological succession

Answer 12

Change species competition of community over time after a disturbance

Question 13

Ecological disturbance

4

Answer 13

• disrupt community
• can be big or small scale
• changes distribution/ abundance biotic/ abiotic factors
• loss biomass

Question 14

Primary ecological succession

2

Answer 14

• gradual colonization disturbance remove all soil,

- no organisms on surface

Question 15

Secondary ecological succession

2

Answer 15

• gradual colonization disturbance leaves soil intact

- some/ all organisms gone

Question 16

Ecological succession process

4

Answer 16

Pioneering species
Early successional community
Mid- successional community
Climax (late successional community)

Question 17

If soil not present what first step in succession?

Answer 17

Get soil

Question 18

Pioneering species step in ecological succession

7

Answer 18

• lichens dies detritus create soil
• mosses come trap water
• dead invertebrates create soil
• small grasses/ herbs roots break down soil, add soil nutrients
• harsh abiotic conditions
• little moisture, lots sun
• may never reach carrying capacity

Question 19

Process mid- ecology succession

4

Answer 19

• support shrubs
• constant retain moisture
• food/ shelter animals
• shade plants
• pioneering species crowded out

Question 20

Late ecological succession process

3

Answer 20

• more competition resources
• resources more abundant, competition more intense
• lots shade, plants can’t do shape weeded out

Question 21

3 factors determine what species appear in ecological succession

Answer 21

1) species traits
2) species interactions
3) chance/ history