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Evolution 20-1 > Evolution B2 > Flashcards

Evolution B2 Flashcards

1
Q

Scientific theory

A

A Model that accounts for non-scientific evidence

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2
Q

Fitness

A

How well a species is adapted to survive and reproduce in it’s environment

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3
Q

Predation

A

Increases fitness of predator —> Decreases fitness of prey

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4
Q

Parasitism

A

Increases fitness of parasite —> decreases fitness of host

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5
Q

Natural selection

A

-All species produce more offspring than are able to survive

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6
Q

Darwin’s Natural selection point 1: overproduction

A

when a species has greater offspring = less chance to survive and reproduce as it has many predators

ex: turtles try to get to water after hatching but get eaten

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7
Q

Darwin’s Natural selection point 2: struggle for existence

A

organisms of the same species(or other) compete for the same limited sources

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8
Q

Darwin’s Natural selection point 3: variation

A

 no two individuals are exactly alike (except twins)
sexual reproduction creates variability in populations, some traits are random (mutation)

ex.) some individuals in africa are immune to aids (bc of genetics)

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9
Q

Darwin’s Natural selection point 4: survival of the fittest

A

environment selectd favourable traits. Organisms with advantages survive and reproduce increasing biodiversity

ex. white/black moth = black/white trees from environment

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10
Q

Darwin’s Natural selection point 5: speciation

A

accumulations of traits over a long period of time

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11
Q

evolution

A

process of which populations of living things change over a series of generations

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12
Q

fossils

A

paleontolgy: study of fossils
fossil formation: teeth,shells, bones
mud tracks
poop

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13
Q

relative dating

A

Determines if fossil is older than one another

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14
Q

absolute dating

A

Determines the time period of the fossil

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15
Q

biogeography 

A

Study of variation and geographic distribution of earth

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16
Q

anatomy

A

Suggests that a organism with similar structures evolved from a common ancestor

17
Q

homologous

A

Features with similar structure but different functions, and different uses

18
Q

analogous

A

Similar function and appearance but not in origin
Ex. Bird wing and insects wing

19
Q

vestigial

A

Feature may have been useful for ancestor but not in current species generation

20
Q

Convergent evolution

A

When distantly related organisms evolve similar traits

21
Q

embryonic development 

A

Similarity in embryos of different species

22
Q

biochemistry and dna

A

All organisms share different dna molecules and some proteins
DNA: hereditary material in cells

23
Q

Adaptation

A

Change in organisms characteristic which increases survival chance

24
Q

Structural adaptation

A

Physical trait that helps its survive in a environment
Ex. Camouflaging butterfly

25
Q

Behavioural adaptation

A

External stimulus a animal does to survive
Ex. Birds migrating

26
Q

physiological adaptation

A

A process inside a animals body that helps it survive
Ex. Snake venom

27
Q

mutation

A

Random changes in DNA
Environment factors or cell errors

28
Q

Neutral mutation

A

No immediate affect in fitness or reproductive success
Ex. Birth mark

29
Q

Harmful mutation

A

Reduces individuals fitness
Ex, leukaemia

30
Q

Beneficial mutation

A

Gives advantage and most likely will be passed on to offspring
Ex. HIV resistance

31
Q

sexual reproduction

A

In plants/ animals
2 copies of each gene
Offspring has combination or random assortment of genes

32
Q

asexual reproduction

A

Offspring only has genetic copy of parents dna

33
Q

speciation

A

Formation of new species

34
Q

allopatric

A

Speciation by reproductive isolation
1. Physical barriers
2. Natural selection
3. Groups no longer sexually compatible

35
Q

macroevolution

A

When species rapidly evolve into many species

36
Q

artificial selection

A

When humans select and breed individuals with desired traits
Ex. Breeding 2 different dogs

Evolution 20-1 (3 decks)

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