Evolution B2

Question 1

Scientific theory

Answer 1

A Model that accounts for non-scientific evidence

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

How well a species is adapted to survive and reproduce in it’s environment

Question 3

Predation

Answer 3

Increases fitness of predator —> Decreases fitness of prey

Question 4

Parasitism

Answer 4

Increases fitness of parasite —> decreases fitness of host

Question 5

Natural selection

Answer 5

-All species produce more offspring than are able to survive

Question 6

Darwin’s Natural selection point 1: overproduction

Answer 6

when a species has greater offspring = less chance to survive and reproduce as it has many predators

ex: turtles try to get to water after hatching but get eaten

Question 7

Darwin’s Natural selection point 2: struggle for existence

Answer 7

organisms of the same species(or other) compete for the same limited sources

Question 8

Darwin’s Natural selection point 3: variation

Answer 8

 no two individuals are exactly alike (except twins)
sexual reproduction creates variability in populations, some traits are random (mutation)

ex.) some individuals in africa are immune to aids (bc of genetics)

Question 9

Darwin’s Natural selection point 4: survival of the fittest

Answer 9

environment selectd favourable traits. Organisms with advantages survive and reproduce increasing biodiversity

ex. white/black moth = black/white trees from environment

Question 10

Darwin’s Natural selection point 5: speciation

Answer 10

accumulations of traits over a long period of time

Question 11

evolution

Answer 11

process of which populations of living things change over a series of generations

Question 12

fossils

Answer 12

paleontolgy: study of fossils
fossil formation: teeth,shells, bones
mud tracks
poop

Question 13

relative dating

Answer 13

Determines if fossil is older than one another

Question 14

absolute dating

Answer 14

Determines the time period of the fossil

Question 15

biogeography 

Answer 15

Study of variation and geographic distribution of earth

Question 16

anatomy

Answer 16

Suggests that a organism with similar structures evolved from a common ancestor

Question 17

homologous

Answer 17

Features with similar structure but different functions, and different uses

Question 18

analogous

Answer 18

Similar function and appearance but not in origin
Ex. Bird wing and insects wing

Question 19

vestigial

Answer 19

Feature may have been useful for ancestor but not in current species generation

Question 20

Convergent evolution

Answer 20

When distantly related organisms evolve similar traits

Question 21

embryonic development 

Answer 21

Similarity in embryos of different species

Question 22

biochemistry and dna

Answer 22

All organisms share different dna molecules and some proteins
DNA: hereditary material in cells

Question 23

Adaptation

Answer 23

Change in organisms characteristic which increases survival chance

Question 24

Structural adaptation

Answer 24

Physical trait that helps its survive in a environment
Ex. Camouflaging butterfly

Question 25

Behavioural adaptation

Answer 25

External stimulus a animal does to survive Ex. Birds migrating

Question 26

physiological adaptation

Answer 26

A process inside a animals body that helps it survive Ex. Snake venom

Question 27

mutation

Answer 27

Random changes in DNA Environment factors or cell errors

Question 28

Neutral mutation

Answer 28

No immediate affect in fitness or reproductive success Ex. Birth mark

Question 29

Harmful mutation

Answer 29

Reduces individuals fitness Ex, leukaemia

Question 30

Beneficial mutation

Answer 30

Gives advantage and most likely will be passed on to offspring Ex. HIV resistance

Question 31

sexual reproduction

Answer 31

In plants/ animals 2 copies of each gene Offspring has combination or random assortment of genes

Question 32

asexual reproduction

Answer 32

Offspring only has genetic copy of parents dna

Question 33

speciation

Answer 33

Formation of new species

Question 34

allopatric

Answer 34

Speciation by reproductive isolation 1. Physical barriers 2. Natural selection 3. Groups no longer sexually compatible

Question 35

macroevolution

Answer 35

When species rapidly evolve into many species

Question 36

artificial selection

Answer 36

When humans select and breed individuals with desired traits Ex. Breeding 2 different dogs