Evolution B1 - Flashcards
Individual
A single organism
Population
Group of individual organisms from the same species that can reproduce
Community
The interactions of different populations
Ecosystem
A community and its physical and chemical environment
What is a limiting factor
anything that slows a populations growth
ex. water, temperature
biotic factors
living factors
ex. animals, plants, bacteria
abiotic factors
non- living factors
ex. mountains, temperature, atmosphere, water
interspecific competition
competition between 2 different species
ex. lion vs hyena
intraspecific competition
competition between the same species
ex. alligator vs alligator
ecotones
transition between ecosystems where organisms from both ecosystems interact.
ecological niche
organisms role in a ecosystem:
what does a ecological niche consist of
- place in food web
- habitat
- breeding area
4.time of day which its active
mutualism
both benefit
commensalism
one benefits one unaffected
parasitism
one benefits one gets harmed
biome
a place with a specific climate and animals that adapt to that climate
climate
temperature + precipitation
example of terrestrial biomes
- tundra
- taiga
- grasslands
examples of aquatic biomes
freshwater bodies (lakes, rivers)
marine: ocean ecosystems
how does temperature affect aquatic ecosystems
organisms have to go places where they can adapt to the temperature to survive
how does dissolved oxygen affect aquatic ecosystems
if fish and other organisms aren’t getting enough oxygen in order to survive, they’ll die
how does depth affect aquatic ecosystems
more pressure as you go down = less sunlight
how does clarity affect aquatic ecosystems
sunlight can’t get though if there is algae covering the top layer of water
how does light affect aquatic ecosystems
for photosynthesis
how does dissolved nutrients affect aquatic ecosystems
the amount of nutrients can increase/decrease populations
how does PH affect aquatic ecosystems
acid involved PH can cause death
still vs flowing
river can flow and get rid of pollutants
4 zones of lake in order from most to least productive
- Littoral
- Limnetic
- profundal
- benthic
Littoral
- highest. productivity/biodiversity
- lots of sun = more plants
Limnetic
1.lots of phytoplankton = highest oxygen
Profundal
no photosynthesis
lowest oxygen levels
Benthic
bottom of the lake
what is/are the binomial nomenclatures
2 part name for species
genus and species
genus
1st part: several species
species
2nd: group of organisms that look alike
can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
rules of binomial nomenclatures
- genus: First letter of first word is capitalized
- species: first letter of second word is not capitalized
- both words are italicized and underlined
3 domain systems
- bacteria
- Eukarya
- Archaea
bacteria
prokaryotic unicellular
lack of membrane nucleus
reproduce asexually
can exist in areas w/w out oxygen
Eukarya
uni to multi cellular
bounded nucleus
some cell wall
Archaea
prokaryotic unicellular
lack of membrane nucleus
can live in extreme environments
dichotomous key
two part key used to identify living things
protista
single/multi celled eukaryotic organisms
Fungi
Single/multi called organisms
Create enzymes to digest food
Plantae
Multi-celled eukaryotic organisms that use photosynthesis
Animalia
multi celled Eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs
