Evolution and Natural Selection 22.1-22.3 Flashcards
2 Types of change within organisms over time (2 Types)
Development
Acclimation
Who believed:
Species don’t change over time and Natural order exists in the world and does not change
Aristotle
Who believed:
All objects can be represented by ideal forms & Variation between individuals represents a deviation from the ideal form.
Plato
Who believed there was 2 forces driving evolution?
Jean Lamarck
Definition: Evolution towards increased complexity and perfection, Driven by some internal force in all living things.
Linear Force
Definition: Adaptation to local conditions, Organisms have features that suit them to where and how they live, developments passed to offspring
Lateral force
Who proposed a mechanism for evolution in 1830’s?
Charles Darwin
Two ideas that influenced Darwin
Uniformitarianism : Essay on populations
World is under constant slow change
Uniformitarianism
Human populations grow faster than resource supplies
Essay on populations
First 3 observations for Darwin’s mechanism for Evolution
- All organisms can reproduce at an exponential rate.
- Populations do not increase exponentially.
- Resources are limited.
There is a struggle for ______ between organisms within every species
existence
Observations 4 & 5
- Individuals in populations vary in a number of traits
- Some variability is inherited
Darwin’s big mistake
Pangenesis
Particles from cells throughout the body accumulate in reproductive cells and are passed on to the next generation.
Pangenesis
Organisms can be bred to look different
Artificial Selection
Body parts similar in structure but can be funcitonally different (Common ancestors)
Homologous structures
Body parts different in their basic in structure but functionally similar (Different ancestors)
Analogous structures
Non-functional organs
Vestigal
Organisms that rely on one another show similar evolutionary patterns
Coevolution
Counter arguements of Evolution (4)
- Lack of intermediate forms in fossil record
- Dilute of favourable traits
- Blind watchmaker
- Irreducible complexity
3 points of blind watchmaker
- Mutation is random
- Complex structures require many mutations
- Highly unlikely for random mutations to create complex structures.
