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BIOLOGY > EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION Questions 1-18 > Flashcards

EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION Questions 1-18 Flashcards

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1
Q

Question 1

A

Adaptation can lead to organisms that are better suited for their environment because individuals with the traits adaptive to the environmental change pass those traits on to their offspring

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2
Q

Question 2

A

EVOLUTION is a combination of descent with modification and natural selection.

DESCENT WITH MODIFICATION is the evolutionary mechanism that produces change in the genetic code of living organisms.

INHERITANCE of ACQUIRED CHARACTERISTICS is when an organism experiencing such a modification can transmit such a character to its offspring

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3
Q

Question 3

A
  1. individuals of a species are not identical
  2. traits are passed from generation to generation
  3. more offspring are born than can survive
  4. only the survivors of the competition for resources will reproduce.
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4
Q

What was the name and topic of Darwins most famous book?

A

On the Origin of Species

overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species

In mom terms…

populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection

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5
Q

Question 4

A

Natural selection is a mechanism of evolution.

Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success.

This process causes species to change and diverge over time.

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6
Q

Question 5

A

Genetic variations that alter gene activity or protein function can introduce different traits in an organism.

If a trait is advantageous and helps the individual survive and reproduce, the genetic variation is more likely to be passed to the next generation

(a process known as natural selection)

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7
Q

Question 6

A

when populations are geographically separated, they will diverge from one another, both in the way they look and genetically.

These changes might occur by natural selection or by random chance (i.e., genetic drift), and in both cases result in reproductive isolation.

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8
Q

Question 7

A

Compared with new mutations, adaptation from standing genetic variation is likely to lead to faster evolution, the fixation of more alleles of small effect and the spread of more recessive alleles

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9
Q

Question 8

A
  1. must be protected from decomposition (rotting)
  2. buried quickly and in more mud than water
  3. consistent temperature
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10
Q

Question 9

A

DNA and the genetic code reflect the shared ancestry of life. DNA comparisons can show how related species are.

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11
Q

What does this image show?

A

READ IT!!!!

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12
Q

Question 10

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13
Q

Question 11

A

STUDY THIS IMAGE!!!!!! It answers questions 9 and 11

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14
Q

Question 12

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15
Q

Question 14

A

Coevolution is where the existence of one species is tightly bound up with the life of one or more other species.

Species whose lives connect, evolve together. What happens is that survival rates in each species changes as a result of changes in the other species.

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16
Q

Question 14

These traits are examples of………………???

  • Eye color.
  • Hair color.
  • Height.
  • Sound of your voice.
  • Certain types of disease.
  • Size of a bird’s beak.
  • Length of a fox’s tail.
  • Color of the stripes on a cat.
A

PHENOTYPE - we can SEE it…physical

PH = PHysical…PHenotyoe

17
Q

Question 14

This image is an example of….???

A

GENOTYPE…we cannot see it…genetic makeup of a cell but it contributes to the PHENOTYPE

18
Q

Question 15

A structure that is left over from our ancestors and is useless to our structure today is…

A

Vestigial Structures

More here…

19
Q

Question 15

How do vestigial structures make the theory of evolution even more believable?

A

they suggest that an organism changed from using the structure to not using the structure, or using it for a different purpose.

20
Q

Question 16

A

HYBRID

genetic information from two different organisms to determine similarities between them.

21
Q

Question 17

A

its a graph that is a normal distribution. T

he graph is a bell-shaped line where the curve’s highest point shows the most probable event in a number (or series) of data.

22
Q

Question 17

A

STUDY THESE BELL CURVES>>>>LOOK FAMILIAR???

https://www.pathwayz.org/Tree/Plain/TYPES+OF+NATURAL+SELECTION

23
Q

Question 17

What is this?

A

A BELL CURVE…shaped like a BELL

24
Q

Question 18

A

gene pool - collection of different genes within an interbreeding population

gene flow - movement of genes into or out of a population

genetic drift - causes traits to be dominant or disappear from a population

25
Q

Question 18

This is an example of…

A

GENETIC DRIFT

26
Q

Question 18

This is an example of…

A

GENE POOL

27
Q

Question 18

This is an example of…

A

GENE FLOW

BIOLOGY (2 decks)

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