EVOLUTION AND ADAPTATION

Question 1

GMO

Answer 1

GENETICALLY MODIFIED ORGANISM

an animal, plant, or microbe whose DNA has been altered using genetic engineering techniques

Question 2

SPECIALIST VS GENERALIST

Answer 2

https://youtu.be/92jyCtPR038

Question 3

What are 3 types of natural selection?

Answer 3

Stabilizing
Directional
Disruptive

Question 4

NICHE

Answer 4

the role an organism plays in a community

Question 5

DISRUPTIVE GRAPH

Answer 5

selection pressures act against individuals in the middle of the trait distribution

The result is a bimodal, or two-peaked, curve in which the two extremes of the curve create their own smaller curves.

Question 6

DIRECTIONAL GRAPH

Answer 6

one extreme of the trait distribution experiences selection against it

Question 7

STABILIZING GRAPH

Answer 7

two extremes of a trait

Question 8

What type of graph is this?

red is before, blue is after

Answer 8

DISRUPTIVE

Question 9

What type of graph is this?

red is before, blue is after

Answer 9

STABILIZING

Question 10

What type of graph is this?

red is before, blue is after

Answer 10

DIRECTIONAL

Question 11

CO-EVOLUTION

Answer 11

two traits in the same species affecting each other’s evolution

Question 12

ON THE ORIGIN OF LIFE

Answer 12

result of a supernatural event, beyond the descriptive powers of physics, chemistry, and other science.

Question 13

ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES

Answer 13

similar structures that evolved independently in two living organisms to serve the same purpose.

Question 14

HOMOLOGOUS SRUCTURES

Answer 14

organs or skeletal elements of animals and organisms that, by virtue of their similarity, suggest their connection to a common ancestor

Question 15

GEOGRAPHIC ISOLATION

Answer 15

population of animals, plants, or other organisms that are separated from exchanging genetic material with other organisms of the same species

Question 16

FITNESS

Answer 16

ability of an organism to pass on its genetic material to its offspring

Question 17

MUTATION

Answer 17

changes in chromosomes and genes, which typically manifest physically

Question 18

NATURAL SELECTION - describe what is going on in this graph

Answer 18

At Time 1, the butterflies have a fairly normal distribution of the “shade” trait. Some are completely white, and some are completely black, but most fall in the “gray” range. This trait, ultimately, is caused by a gene that creates black pigment. Completely white butterflies produce no pigment, while black butterflies produce a large amount of pigment. This is largely a function of how quickly their “black-pigment-creating-protein” operates.

However, the birds only like to eat gray butterflies. The black ones look like holes in the tree, and the white ones are too hard to see. As the birds eat the gray butterflies, the frequency of the other two traits begins to rise. This is an example of disruptive selection. There is also directional selection and stabilizing selection, both of which show how the forces of natural selection lead to adaptation within a population.

Question 19

ARTIFICIAL SELECTION

Answer 19

human selection of breeding pairs to produce favorable offspring

INKY

Question 20

VARIATION

Answer 20

individual with characteristics different from the others of the same kind

Question 21

HMS BEAGLE

Answer 21

ship that is notable for carrying the recently graduated naturalist Charles Darwin around the world

Question 22

CHARLES DARWIN

Answer 22

Scientist with the proposition that all species of life have descended from common ancestors. NATURAL SELECTION

Question 23

LYELL

Answer 23

Close friend of Charles Darwin, and contributed significantly to Darwin’s thinking on the processes involved in evolution.

Question 24

MALTHUS

Answer 24

A philosopher who had a theory that food production will not be able to keep up with growth in the human population, resulting in disease, famine, war, and calamity.

Question 25

HUTTON

Answer 25

best known for his theory of gradualism

Question 26

FOSSIL

Answer 26

preserved remains, or traces of remains, of ancient organisms

Question 27

VESTIGIAL STRUCTURE

Answer 27

various cells, tissues, and organs in a body which no longer serve a function.

A vestigial structure can arise due to a mutation in the genome.

Question 28

SPECIATION

Answer 28

how a new kind of plant or animal species is created.

Speciation occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics

Question 29

scientist who has skills that are varied, which means they know many things in many areas.

Answer 29

GENERALIST

Question 30

Scientist who has ONE particular field of study.

Answer 30

SPECIALIST