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evolution biology > evolution > Flashcards

evolution Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

evolution

A

a biological change over time

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2
Q

micro evolution

A

small scale affection a single population

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3
Q

macro evolution

A

larger scale affecting changes in species across population

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4
Q

aristotle

A

organisms are fixed and unchanging

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5
Q

linnaeus

A

taxonomy and bionomial nomenclature

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6
Q

jean baptiste lamark

A

species evolved by: use,disease, and inheritance of acquired traits

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7
Q

charles darwin

A

went to galápagos islands. natural selection starts evolution

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8
Q

natural selection

A

some organisms will survive and reproduce better than others

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9
Q

variation

A

difference in phenotype of organisms

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10
Q

source of variation

A

random mutations during meiosis migration

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11
Q

overproduction of offsprings

A

limited recourses which will cause more competition

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12
Q

adaption

A

a feature that lets an organism survive longer in its environment

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13
Q

gene pool

A

the combined alleles of all the individuals in a population

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14
Q

descent with modification

A

a change in gene frequency over time (beneficial traits should become more common over time)

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15
Q

directional selection

A

increase the expression of an extreme version of a trait in a population

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16
Q

distributive selection

A

a population is in two groups and they remove the members with average traits and favor the extreme

17
Q

stabilizing selection

A

eliminate the extreme expression of a trait when the average trait leads to higher fitness.

18
Q

allele frequency

A

each allele has a frequency in a gene pool ( every time it come up in a gene pool)

19
Q

genetic drift

A

change in frequency of alleles of population over time: rare alleles decrease, other alleles will increase, changes may be more apparent in smaller populations

20
Q

gene flow (in/out)

A

movement of genes in and out of a population: migration, results in a division in genetic variability

21
Q

sexual selection

A

selections of grated that aren’t good for fitness but without them the organism is unable to reproduce

22
Q

genetic equilibrium

A

hardy weinberg : no changes in allele frequency P=dominant Q=recessive P^2+2PQ+Q^2=1

23
Q

speciation

A

forming of a new species by evolution: gene pools become different, can’t reproduce, some sort of isolation occurs, become different species

24
Q

extinction

A

elimination of a species EVERYONE DIES

25
Q

gradual extinction

A

occurs at a slow rate

26
Q

mass extinction

A

occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly

27
Q

gradualism

A

slow changes over a period of time

28
Q

punctuated equilibrium

A

bursts of change followed by periods of stability

29
Q

adaption radiation (divergent evolution)

A

different species come from common ancestor resulting in them having homologous structures (similar structure different use) usually caused by different environments

30
Q

convergent evolution

A

unrelated species evolve to have similar characteristics creates analogous structures (different structure same use)

31
Q

coevolution

A

two organisms evolve together forming a specialized relationship

32
Q

sexual reproduction

A

two parents make an offspring by using meiosis to create gametes

33
Q

asexual reproduction

A

one parent process of binary fission or mitosis where the offspring is identical to the parent

34
Q

paleontology

A

the study of prehistoric life (fossils)

35
Q

biogeography

A

the study of where living things are located ( studies divergent evolution patterns)

36
Q

embryology

A

the study of the development of organisms studies common ancestors

37
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structure of organisms homologous structures: similar characteristics from common ancestors (same structure different use) vestigial structures: they have little to no function (divergent) analogous structures: similar function different structure (convergent)

38
Q

biochemistry

A

the study of the chemical process in an organism

evolution biology (2 decks)

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