evolution

Question 1

evolution

Answer 1

a biological change over time

Question 2

micro evolution

Answer 2

small scale affection a single population

Question 3

macro evolution

Answer 3

larger scale affecting changes in species across population

Question 4

aristotle

Answer 4

organisms are fixed and unchanging

Question 5

linnaeus

Answer 5

taxonomy and bionomial nomenclature

Question 6

jean baptiste lamark

Answer 6

species evolved by: use,disease, and inheritance of acquired traits

Question 7

charles darwin

Answer 7

went to galápagos islands. natural selection starts evolution

Question 8

natural selection

Answer 8

some organisms will survive and reproduce better than others

Question 9

variation

Answer 9

difference in phenotype of organisms

Question 10

source of variation

Answer 10

random mutations during meiosis migration

Question 11

overproduction of offsprings

Answer 11

limited recourses which will cause more competition

Question 12

adaption

Answer 12

a feature that lets an organism survive longer in its environment

Question 13

gene pool

Answer 13

the combined alleles of all the individuals in a population

Question 14

descent with modification

Answer 14

a change in gene frequency over time (beneficial traits should become more common over time)

Question 15

directional selection

Answer 15

increase the expression of an extreme version of a trait in a population

Question 16

distributive selection

Answer 16

a population is in two groups and they remove the members with average traits and favor the extreme

Question 17

stabilizing selection

Answer 17

eliminate the extreme expression of a trait when the average trait leads to higher fitness.

Question 18

allele frequency

Answer 18

each allele has a frequency in a gene pool ( every time it come up in a gene pool)

Question 19

genetic drift

Answer 19

change in frequency of alleles of population over time: rare alleles decrease, other alleles will increase, changes may be more apparent in smaller populations

Question 20

gene flow (in/out)

Answer 20

movement of genes in and out of a population: migration, results in a division in genetic variability

Question 21

sexual selection

Answer 21

selections of grated that aren’t good for fitness but without them the organism is unable to reproduce

Question 22

genetic equilibrium

Answer 22

hardy weinberg : no changes in allele frequency P=dominant Q=recessive P^2+2PQ+Q^2=1

Question 23

speciation

Answer 23

forming of a new species by evolution: gene pools become different, can’t reproduce, some sort of isolation occurs, become different species

Question 24

extinction

Answer 24

elimination of a species EVERYONE DIES

Question 25

gradual extinction

Answer 25

occurs at a slow rate

Question 26

mass extinction

Answer 26

occurs when a catastrophic event changes the environment suddenly

Question 27

gradualism

Answer 27

slow changes over a period of time

Question 28

punctuated equilibrium

Answer 28

bursts of change followed by periods of stability

Question 29

adaption radiation (divergent evolution)

Answer 29

different species come from common ancestor resulting in them having homologous structures (similar structure different use) usually caused by different environments

Question 30

convergent evolution

Answer 30

unrelated species evolve to have similar characteristics creates analogous structures (different structure same use)

Question 31

coevolution

Answer 31

two organisms evolve together forming a specialized relationship

Question 32

sexual reproduction

Answer 32

two parents make an offspring by using meiosis to create gametes

Question 33

asexual reproduction

Answer 33

one parent process of binary fission or mitosis where the offspring is identical to the parent

Question 34

paleontology

Answer 34

the study of prehistoric life (fossils)

Question 35

biogeography

Answer 35

the study of where living things are located ( studies divergent evolution patterns)

Question 36

embryology

Answer 36

the study of the development of organisms studies common ancestors

Question 37

anatomy

Answer 37

the study of the structure of organisms homologous structures: similar characteristics from common ancestors (same structure different use) vestigial structures: they have little to no function (divergent) analogous structures: similar function different structure (convergent)

Question 38

biochemistry

Answer 38

the study of the chemical process in an organism