ecology

Question 1

ecology

Answer 1

the study of relationships: between 2 organisms or organism and environment

Question 2

criteria’s for life

Answer 2

• be unicellular or multi cellular
• contain genetic material
• be capable of growth and reproduction
• demonstrate ability to respond to stimuli
• ability to adapt to the environment
• have a metabolism meaning it consumes energy and produces waste

Question 3

levels of ecological organization

Answer 3

1) organism : individual species
2) population: multiple individuals from different species
3) community: multiple population of species
4) ecosystem : abiotic and biotic factors
5) biome: multiple ecosystems that share similar features
6) biosphere : the planet

Question 4

biodiversity

Answer 4

the variety of organisms on all levels

Question 5

taxonomy

Answer 5

kingdom
phylum
class
order
family
genus
species

King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti

Question 6

cladograms and dichotomous keys

Answer 6

tools used to display the relationships and classify organisms using characteristics

Question 7

geochemical cycles

Answer 7

represents the movement of matter through the ecosystem

Question 8

water cycle

Answer 8

• necessary for all living things
• on earths surface in the atmosphere and in organisms
• this cycle is driven by the sun

Question 9

main stages of the water cycle

Answer 9

precipitation: water falls to earth as liquid
runoff: water that runs along the surface and collects in bodies of water
infiltration: water that’s underground
evaporation: sun heats water and it rises
transportation: water rides to atmosphere as water vapor from plants
condensation: water condenses to make clouds

Question 10

living organisms in the water cycle

Answer 10

all organisms take in water and release water
cellular respiration: C6H12O—>6H12O6+6O2
photosynthesis: 6Co2+6H2O—>6H12O6+6O2

Question 11

negative human impact on water cycle

Answer 11

deforestation: transpiration decreases
paving/building: run off increases while infiltration decreases
pollution

Question 12

Where is carbon found

Answer 12

macromolecules (main 4), our atmosphere, minerals & rocks, fossil fuel, organic material in soil or aquatic sediment

Question 13

carbon cycle main stages

Answer 13

photosynthesis: plants take in Co2 and make sugar
cellular respiration: Co2 is released
consumption: eat each other for carbon
combustion: Co2 released from burning
decomposition: decomposers break down carbon and it goes into the soil to make fossil fuel
fossilization: coverts a once living thing into fossil fuel

Question 14

living organisms in the carbon cycle

Answer 14

decomposers ( break down dead material and return nutrients to soil)
photosynthetic organisms
animal, plants, fungi

Question 15

negative human impact in the carbon cycle

Answer 15

combustion: too much burning of fossil fuels or woods caused Co2 to go into atmosphere

Question 16

where nitrogen is found

Answer 16

two macromolecules: protein and nucleic acid
in the atmosphere (N2 but no animals or plants can use N2)
fossil fue
waste
soil

Question 17

main stages of nitrogen cycle

Answer 17

nitrogen fixation:bacteria or lightning in the soil or water covert nitrogen into usable nitrogen

decomposition: decomposers break down stuff to return nitrogen to the soil
ammonification: bacteria converts nitrogen from waste into ammonia
nitrification: bacteria used the nitrogen in ammonia to turn it into nitrates and nitrites.
denitrification: bacteria converts nitrogen in ammonia back to N2

Question 18

living organisms in the nitrogen cycle

Answer 18

the nitrogen cycle depends on living organisms
bacteria: most important it converts nitrogen to different forms
fungí: decomposers break down the waste

Question 19

negative human impact on the nitrogen cycle

Answer 19

fertilizer: adds way too much nitrogen into the soil.
combustion: burning fossil fuel also releases nitrogen into the atmosphere

Question 20

population

Answer 20

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place

Question 21

exponential

Answer 21

population grows without limit (humans)

Question 22

logistics

Answer 22

population grows quickly then levels off (carrying capacity) (ex. most natural population)

Question 23

carrying capacity

Answer 23

maximum growth for a population

Question 24

population density

Answer 24

measure the number of individuals organisms living in a defined space

Question 25

limiting factors

Answer 25

things that limit a population size
can be
abiotic
biotic

Question 26

density dependent

Answer 26

operates more in larger dense population

Question 27

density independent

Answer 27

population size dosen’t matter

Question 28

stable ecosystem

Answer 28

is one that remains relatively constant with predictable change in population growth or decline

Question 29

survivorship (3 types)

Answer 29

type 1: late loss; heavy parental care ex humans
type 2: constant loss; mortality un effected by age ex birds and rodents
type 3: early death; produce lots of offsprings at one many die right away ex fish and mosquitoes