Evolution Flashcards
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The process of biological change
Evolution
Much of today’s understanding of evolution is based on ___.
He’s the father of modern evolution.
Charles Darwin
The first scientist to explain the evolutionary process.
John Baptiste Lamarck
the _____ lead to their development or deterioration
use or disuse of body parts
___ introduced the theory of extinction and catastrophism.
Georges Cuvier
The view that the earth’s geological landscape is the result of violent events.
Catastrophism
____ wrote about the relationship between population and supply
Thomas Malthus
Malthus published Essay on the Principle of Population in ___
1798
The theory that states that the events in the past that formed the Earth are still at play today and are a gradual process.
Uniformitarianism
____ developed the theory of uniformitarianism
Charles Lyell
Darwin was 1.__ when he sailed from 2.__ on the 3.___ in 4.__
- 22 years old
- Great Britain
- H.M.S. Beagle
- 1831
-Darwin’s Galagapos Finches-
Ground Finch
Main Food: 1.___
Beak: 2.___
- seeds
2. heavy
-Darwin’s Galagapos Finches-
Tree Finch
Main Food: 1.___
Beak: 2.___
- leaves, buds, blossoms, fruits
2. thick, short
-Darwin’s Galagapos Finches-
Woodpecker finch
Main Food: 1.___
Beak: 2.___
- insects
2. stout, straight
-Darwin’s Galagapos Finches-
Warbler finch
Main Food: 1.___
Beak: 2.___
- insects
2. harder, slender
In the 1830s, ____ was also working on a theory of natural selection
Alfred Wallace
(ENUMERATION) Indirect Evidence
- Fossil Records
- Geography
- Comparative Anatomy
- Comparative Embryology
- Comparative Biochemistry
(ENUMERATION) Direct Evidence
- Current Observation
a. Fossil Evidence
b. Geography
c. Anatomy
____ are similar in structure but different in function. Evidences of a common ancestors.
Homologous Structure
____ have a similar function. Not evidences of a common ancestor.
Analogous Structure
Remnants of organs/structures that had a function in an early times
Vestigial Structures
___ provides evidence of evolution. Similar embryos, diversed organisms
Embryology
All living things contain similar biochemical compounds
Comparative Biochemistry
(ENUMERATION): Modes of Preservation
- Original Preservation
2. Altered Remains
How do we use the fossil record?
1. Understanding the ___ of life
History
How do we use the fossil record?
2. Determining relative ages of ___ that contain them and correlating ___ unify of the same age.
Rocks
How do we use the fossil record?
3. Interpreting _____
Past environments
Patterns in Evolution:
Unrelated species living in similar environments
Convergent Evolution
Patterns in Evolution:
Closely related species living in different environments
Divergent Evolution
Patterns in Evolution:
Sometimes, several species will evolve from a single, ancestral species
Adaptive radiation
Patterns in Evolution:
Evolution of one species affect the evolution of another species
Coevolution
Patterns in Evolution:
Evolution may proceed with long periods of relatively little change punctuated with short periods of intense change
Punctuated equilibrium
Individuals inhibiting the same area at the same time
Population
Focusing on factors of changes in population
Population Dynamics
Number of individuals
Population size
The amount of individuals in a population per unit habitat area
Population density
Spatial pattern in habitat
Population dispersion
Population of individuals in each group of population
Age structure
Number of individual added through reproduction
Natality
Average number of children born alive per woman in her lifetime
Total Fertility Rate
Number of individual removed through death
Mortality
How many individuals are born vs. How many die
Birth Rate
(ENUMERATION) Density depends upon:
- Social/population structure
- Mating relationship
- Time of year
Movement of individuals into a population
Immigration
Movement of individuals out of a population
Emigration
Types of Population Dispersion:
- Dumps
- Uniform
- random
Types of Population Dispersion:
Individuals are dumped into a group
Dumps
Types of Population Dispersion:
Individuals are regularly spaced in the environment
Uniform
Types of Population Dispersion:
Individuals are dispersed in the environment
Random
___ is a measure of the average kinetic energy of a particle in a substance
Temperature
The amount of space that a substance or object occupies
Volume
Measures the number of particles in a specific substance
Mole
Force exerted on a surface per unit area
Pressure
Gas Properties:
1. Gases are _________ and 2. _____
- easily compressed
2. flow
Gas Properties:
3. Gases have ____ compared to liquid and solids
low densities
Gas Properties:
4. Gas exerts a.____ in b.__ direction
a. pressure
b. all
Gas Properties
5. Gases ____ through one another
diffuse
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
It shows how a.______ b.____ with one another.
a. individual gas particles
b. interact
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
If a gas follows all the postulates of the KMT, it is said to be an _______
ideal gas
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
1st: Gases are consist of ____
very small particles
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
1st: and the distances are relatively a.____, each has a b.___
a. large
b. mass
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
2nd: Gas particles are in a._____, b.____, and c.____ motion
a. constant
b. rapid
c. random
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
3rd: When gas particles collide, the KE is not lose but ___ only; gas paricles experience elastic collision
transferred
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
4th: Gas particles exert ____ on one another
no force
Kinematic Molecular Theory of Gas:
5th: The average KE of gas particles is dependent upon the ___ of a gas
temperature
