Evolution Flashcards
What is evolutionary theory?
•Hypothesis of evolutionary change
What was Darwin’s first book called?
•On the origin of species
-Natural selection
What was the name of the ship Darwin sailed on?
HMS Beagle
Where did Darwin collect his samples from?
•South America
Who was the first person to describe evolution?
•Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
Who influenced Darwin with his book “principles of geology” and why?
Charles Lyell b/c he thought the world was older.
According to the Malthusian Doctrine what conditions could stop overpopulation?
- Famine
- Disease
- War
Steps of Darwin’s Natural Selection
1) Variation
2) Struggle for existence (competition)
3) High birth rates
4) Survival of the fittest
5) Long Time
What is Industrial Melaism?
•Colour change for better(Peppered Moths)
What were Jean Baptiste de Lamarack 3 assumptions for change?
1) Desire
2) Use and Disuse
3) Passing Acquired Traits
What happens if two species live in an environment?
- Coexist
- Extinction
- Evolution
Why does speciation happen?
•Isolation or separation
What are the steps of speciation?
1) Breed
2) Natural Selection
3) Gene Pools unsimilar
4) New
What is divergent evolution (adaptive radiation)?
•One species gives rise to another but can still breed
What structures evidence of divergent evolution?
•Homologous Structures
What is convergent evolution?
•Products of adaptive radiation that can not breed
What are parallel species?
•Occupy the same habitat but not niche
What is genetic drift?
•A random change in a gene’s frequency. (Natural disaster)
What is Gene Flow?
•Genes from one population to another
Gradualism (ex)
- gradually slow
* fossils
Punctuated Equilibrium
•Long stable with brief change
What is a cause of mass extinction?
•Change in global climate
The importance of THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION
- Building block of biology
* Understand ourselves and others
What is evolutionary fitness?
•Gene passing to next generation successfully
What is fitness?
•Traits/behaviors aid in survival and reproduction
What is the process that results in fitness?
•Adaptation
What is a Paleontologist?
- Fossil studier
* Fossil record makers
Is the fossil record incomplete?
•Yes
What are vestigial organs?
•Organs of ancestors that are no longer used
What is the name for species having similar protein/nucleic acid?
•Homology
The great restrictive law
•Population control
HBD Kettlewell
•Peppered moths
What is a phenotype?
•Characteristics/behaviors caused by interaction of genotype & environment
What is a genotype?
•Constitutional traits of organisms
Who influenced Darwin?
•Thomas Malthus
Equilibrium
•Doesn’t change much
Niche
•Role of an organism in it’s environment
