Evolution

Question 1

How can you exploit similarities in genomes?

Answer 1

Compare gene sequence

Check gene order

Question 2

What are the two dates of paralogous genes?

Answer 2

May or may not retain same function

• neofunctionalism - one copy even lives new function.
• subfunctionalism - both functions shift to more SPECIFIC uses (better supported.

Question 3

How do splice variants and paralogs differ?

Answer 3

Paralogs are two or more genes related via duplication of a LOCUS

Question 4

What is COG?

Answer 4

Phylogenetic database covering likely orthologs.

• pairwise sequence alignments
• symmetrical best hits = bets of each other in2 complete genomes.
• asymmetrical =most similar in one not Bet in original.

Question 5

How does eggnog differ?

Answer 5

Homologous comparisons through similarity matrix of proteins.

Divide species into core species –> central for defining orthologs groups.

Question 6

What users molecular phylogeny?

Answer 6

Follow gene history

Predict gene function

Vaccine candidates

Question 7

How do maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood differ ?

Answer 7

Both based on my or AA substitutions.

P - best phylogeny minimises no of changes between character states.

L - statistical. Topology MAXIMISING probability of data given model and parameter values.

Question 8

What is distance based?

Answer 8

Pairwise evolutionary distances computed do all taxa

Tree constructed with algorithm based on relationship between distances.