Evolution

Question 1

Natural selection

Answer 1

The environment selects the organisms with variations that are more likely to survive and reproduce

Question 2

Fitness

Answer 2

Organisms with highest fitness are well adapted to environment so they will survive and i.e. survival of the fittest

Question 3

Fossil

Answer 3

Traces of dead organic matter

Question 4

Extinction

Answer 4

When and entire species dies off

Question 5

Biogeography

Answer 5

Tidy of geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms

Question 6

Pangea

Answer 6

Continents used to be one land mass

Question 7

Homologous structures

Answer 7

Similar structures in species that originated from a common ancestor

Question 8

Vestigial structures

Answer 8

Structures that may seem to have no function now but may have helped past generations

Question 9

Embryonic homology

Answer 9

Embryos if related organisms are very similar

Question 10

Conserved genes

Answer 10

Genes that have remained unchanged throughout evolution

Question 11

DNA similarities b/w apes and humans

Answer 11

98-99% identical gene sequences

Question 12

Macromolecule similarities

Answer 12

Many similarities in macromolecule and DNA in species (98-99% with us and chimpanzees)

Question 13

1st organisms on earth

Answer 13

Bacteria

Question 14

Population

Answer 14

Group of organisms of the same species living in the same area

Question 15

Variation

Answer 15

There is natural variation in inherited traits due to random mutations

Question 16

Artificial selection

Answer 16

Human speed up evolution by selective breeding

Question 17

Gene pool

Answer 17

All of the alleles, in all the individuals that make up a population

Question 18

Bottleneck effect

Answer 18

Population gets so low that the gene pool is small

Question 19

Darwin

Answer 19

Developed theory of evolution after traveling on HMS beagle for 5 years- published “The Origin of Species” in 1859