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S 2 Bio Exam > DNA > Flashcards

DNA Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ribose

A

Sugar in RNA

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2
Q

Deoxyribose

A

Sugar in DNA

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3
Q

A,T,C,G, & U (in RNA)

A

Nitrogenous bases

Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

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4
Q

Purine

A

2 carbon rings (A&G)

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5
Q

Pyrimidine

A

1 carbon ring (C&T)

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6
Q

Nucleotide

A

1 phosphate, 1 deoxyribose, 1 nitrogenous base

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7
Q

Mutation

A

Heritable changes in genetic information - a mismatch in one or mor bp

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8
Q

Point mutation

A

2 nucleotides switched

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9
Q

Frameshift mutation

A

Add or delete a nucleotide

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10
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Bases held in pairs by these weak bonds
AT- 2
CG- 3

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11
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Nucleotides held together and to others by these strong bonds

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12
Q

DNA Replication

A

DNA doubles in S phase of interphase

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13
Q

Helicase

A

Enzyme unzips hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

DNA polymerase

A

Deals out correct nucleotides to old strands making 2 new identical DNA strands

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15
Q

Replication fork

A

When DNA replicates it looks like fork

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16
Q

Replication bubble

A

replication starts at different points, making what look like bubbles that grow and meet

17
Q

Promoter

A

Marks the beginning of a gene

18
Q

Termination signal

A

Where transcription stops - end of a gene

19
Q

Transcription

A

Process of copying instructions from DNA to mRNA

20
Q

Translation

A

The process of decoding the mRNA into a protein

21
Q

Codon

A

Any three mRNA nucleotide sequences that code for a protein

22
Q

Anticodon

A

3 nucleotide sequence on tRNA that are the opposite of the mRNA codon

23
Q

Start codon

A

AUG - codes for amino acid methionine - all polypeptides start with met

24
Q

Stop codon

A

UAA, UAG, UGA, no amino acids match these

25
Q

RNA polymerase

A

Builds mRNA chain in transcription

26
Q

mRNA

A

Copies and transports instructions from the DNA to the ribosome

27
Q

tRNA

A

Decides the instructions and builds the protein

28
Q

rRNA

A

2 put together is ribosome

29
Q

Steps of transcription

A

That’s really long. See notes

30
Q

Amino acids

A

Building blocks for a protein

31
Q

Polypeptide chain

A

2 or more amino acids in a short chain

32
Q

Protein

A

2 or moreolypeptides

33
Q

RNA differences

A

Copies and transmits not stores
Ribose not deoxyribose
Uracil instead of thymine
1 strand not 2

S 2 Bio Exam (12 decks)

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