Evolution 2 Flashcards
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Allele frequencies do NOT change, NO evolution is occurring
5 requirments for Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
- Large population size 2. No mutations 3. No natural selection 4. No sexual selection 5. No migration If even one of these requirements is not met, the population is EVOLVING and is NOT in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
What defines a species?
Two individuals that can mate and produce offspring belong to the same species
How do mutations create new species?
Mutations create new alleles (variations of genes)
How does isolation create new species?
If members of the same species are separated (isolated) and are no longer able to mate with one another due to the separation, then over time the members will evolve into two different species
How does the environment create new species?
If the climate changes, natural selection may lead to a new species being created
What causes isolation (inability to mate) in a species?
- Behavior – doing a different mating dance 2. Temporal – mating during a different time 3. Geographic – living in a different area
Dichotomous Key
a method for identifying an organism (example: If has pointed ears, move to 2. If has no tail move to 3….)
Binomial nomenclature
a universal naming system for species – Genus species (example Homo sapiens = humans, Homo = Genus, sapiens = species)
Linnaeus
scientist who invented Bionomial nomenclature
Classification of Life
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Phylogeny
classification of organisms based on their evolutionary relationships
Cladogram
a visual representation of evolutionary relationships (looks like a tree)
Why will the classification system likely change in the future?
As new information about evolution is discovered, our understanding of how organisms are related to each other will change
Kingdom Animalia
contains animals, eat others by digesting food inside their body
